Prokaryote Cells And Eukaryote Cells

Essential Questions What are the major differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? What are the differences between Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes and viruses? What is the hierarchy of an organism’s level of organization? What are the relative sizes of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses?

First, what is a cell?! Cells are smallest unit of life. Discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 using microscope. Every thing we know about cells we call “cell theory”. Developed in 1838 by observations of Schleiden and Schwann

Cell Theory says that…. All living things are made of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things. In other words, cells are like the building blocks of all living things. 3. New cells are only made from existing cells.

Cells come in all shapes and sizes!

Compound Light Microscopes use light and lenses to magnify objects Compound Light Microscopes use light and lenses to magnify objects. Limited magnification capacity. Up to 1500x

Electron Microscopes use a beam of e- instead of light Electron Microscopes use a beam of e- instead of light. The images are typically seen in more a 3-D picture and can be very detailed. This is what we use to look at viruses.

There are two types of cells: Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells

These are two distinct types of cells with STRUCTURAL differences.

Prokaryotes: (pro-care-ee-ohts) Smallest, most simplest cell. Single celled organism. Does not have a nucleus. Singular circular chromosome with DNA, located near center of cell within cytoplasm. Has ribosomes but no other organelles. Has cell wall – structure around cell membrane, provides structure and support.

Some have capsule that surrounds cell wall. Flagella – tail like structure; enables movement. Pilus (Pili) – hair like structures around bacteria that help with attachment to host or in reproduction. All bacteria are prokaryotes Bacteria have 3 different shapes. Bacillus –rod shaped Coccus – round shaped Spirilum – spiral shaped

Aore complex cell with a nucleus and many organelles. Eukaryote Cell Aore complex cell with a nucleus and many organelles.

Traits of Eukaryotes: (you-care-ee-othts) More complex Has a nucleus where genetic material of cell is stored. Have many organelles that work together doing specific jobs to help cell function.

More traits of Eukaryotes: (you-care-ee-othts) Can be unicellular or multi-cellular organisms. Some have cilia -hair-like structures that protrude from their cells. helps some cells move through their environment. On other cells helps move substances across their surfaces. ex. cells of human respiratory. All plants, animals, fungi, and protists are eukaryotic cells.

Complex Eukaryotes Complex organisms have a body system that is arranged into a certain order called a hierarchy.

Organelles Small structures inside cell that perform specific function. Examples include mitochondria, nucleus, and Golgi body

Cell Basic unit of structure & function in life. Building blocks of all living things.

Tissue A group of the same kind of cells working together for a specific purpose.

A part of an organism made up of tissues that do a specific job. Organs A part of an organism made up of tissues that do a specific job.

Organ Systems A group of organs that work together for a specific job.

Organism Any living thing.

Viruses Nonliving. Smaller than prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Can not be seen by compound microscopes. Not made of cells, has no organelles, and no nucleus. Can not reproduce on own.

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic YOU!!! Plant/Animal Cells Very Complex! Nucleus contains Genetic Material Membrane Bound Organelles Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles ribosomes Bacteria Simple Cells NO Nucleus Genetic Material(DNA) Floats Freely Ribosomes No membrane Bound Organelles

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Similarities Ribosomes!!!! Genetic Material!!! Cell membrane!! Cytoplasm!

Homework Foldable of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Fold paper hamburger style Have on outside terms, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Inside top have a drawing of each and label main parts of their cell. Inside bottom have a venn diagram comparing the two cells. Must be colored.