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2 These PowerPoint slides are reproduced with permission from Keysight Technologies, from their Electronic Instrumentation Part I course. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

3 3: Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator

4 Agenda Introduction Core Technology and Waveform Capabilities Instrument Advanced Functions

5 Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator A device acting as a source/stimulus to test, verify, and characterize –Apply signal –Measure response of DUT Utilize a variety of signals –Sine, square, ramp, triangle –AM, FM, PM, FSK, PWM –Variable edge-time pulses –Arbitrary waveforms

6 Users and Their Requirements Users –Industries: Electronics, industrial, automotive, communications, aerospace, info tech products, medical electronics, government –Product lifecycle: R&D (bench), design verification (small system), and manufacturing (medium or large systems) Typical requirements –Stability, accuracy, low distortion –Sweep and modulation functions –Ability to produce (or reproduce) real-world signals –Basic pulse capabilities

7 Agenda Introduction Core Technology and Waveform Capabilities Instrument Advanced Functions

8 Core Technology and Waveform Capabilities Direct digital synthesis (DDS) Basic signal types Complex signals Arbitrary waveforms

9 Core Technology Direct digital synthesis (DDS)

10 Basic Signal Types Sine Square Ramp Triangle Pulse Noise Arb DC offset

11 Control of Basic Signal Types Amplitude –Varies voltage difference between high and low voltage of the output signal Direct Current (DC) Offset –Varies average voltage of a signal relative to ground Frequency –Controls rate at which output signal oscillates

12 Basic Signal Types Sine Square

13 Basic Signal Types (cont’d) Ramp Triangular

14 Basic Signal Types (cont’d) Pulse Noise

15 Complex Signals Amplitude modulation (AM) Frequency shift keying (FSK) Modulation

16 Complex Signals (cont’d) Linear sweep from low to high frequency Sweeps

17 Complex Signals (cont’d) Three-cycle burst of a sine wave signal Bursts

18 Arbitrary Waveforms Standard waveform libraries –Sine, square, triangle, pulse, noise, DC, sinc and more Waveform editor –Create and edit waveforms for download Math operations –Manipulate new or modulated waveforms Waveform checking –Verify frequency and amplitude before downloading IntuiLink™ Arbitrary Waveform software

19 Output Units Output units: –Vpp –Vrms –dBm The default is Vpp dBm unit will not apply to ‘ high impedance ’ output termination

20 Agenda Introduction Core Technology and Waveform Capabilities Instrument Advanced Functions

21 Output Termination The output termination can be changed to “high impedance” –Press  select the ‘Output Setup’ softkey  –Press the ‘Load’ softkey and then choose “High Z” The default output termination is 50 Ω The output signal amplitude is twice the setting value if terminating into an open circuit

22 External Frequency Reference –Synchronisation allowed to an external clock (typically10 MHz), to another function generator –Phase adjustments can be made from the front panel or via a computer interface, allowing precise phase calibration and adjustment –Connect two or more Function Generators to create a multi- channel waveform generator The generators using common clock signals and common trigger signal

23 Arbitrary Waveform Software –Creating, editing, and downloading complex waveforms using the waveform editor is easy –Example: Keysight IntuiLink™ Waveform Editor –Capturing a waveform using IntuiLink™ for Oscilloscope before sending it to the Keysight 33220A for output is possible

24 Remote Interface Hardware interface –GPIB (IEEE-488) interface, RS-232, LAN, and USB Programming support: Direct I/O –SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) keeps programming fast and simple Software support: Instrument driver –VXIplug&play driver available to support LabView™, VEE, and LabWindows™ –VISA-COM and IVI-COM Driver IntuiLink™ for Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator –IntuiLink™ Waveform Editor

25 Reference Product pages –Scroll down to “Key Library Information” –View the online video demo –List of Application Notes, Manuals and Drivers & Software, example: Application notes: –The ABC’s of Arbitrary Waveform Generator –How to Generate Low Duty-Cycle Pulses with a Function Generator Manual: –Keysight 33250A 80 MHz Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator Others –DreamCatcher Consulting short course, “Electronic Instrumentation”

26 Q&A Session courtesy of Keysight Technologies

27 Appendix Keysight Family of Function and Arbitrary Waveform Generator

28 Keysight Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generators Model Description & Features 33220A 20 MHz function/arbitrary waveform generator Pulse to 5 MHz AM, FM, PM, FSK, PWM Sweep & burst Monochrome graphical display GPIB, LAN, USB LXI Class C Compliant 33250A 80 MHz function/arbitrary waveform generator Pulse to 50 MHz AM, FM, FSK Burst Color graphical display GPIB, RS-232 Price Performance Price/performance positioning

A 20 MHz and 33250A 80 Mhz Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generators

30 Closer Look: 33220A Low-distortion basic waveforms Built-in modulation Sweep and burst operation modes Arbitrary waveforms up to 64K points –Create, edit, and download waveforms with IntuiLink™ software Variable edge-time pulses up to 5 MHz Open connectivity via GPIB, LAN and USB, and LXI Class C compliant 20 MHz function/arbitrary waveform generator

31 High Performance AWG ProductWaveforms and Modulation Frequency Range (Sine, Square) Arbitrary Waveforms Sample Rate Price N6030A Arbitrary Waveform Generator, 500MHz Any arbitrary waveform 1 µHz to 500 MHz 64 to 16 Mpoints 1.25 GS/s from US$ 51,050 N6031A, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, 500MHz Any arbitrary waveform 1 µHz to 500 MHz 64 to 16 Mpoints 1.25 GS/s from US$ 30,630

32 N6030A AWG 1.2 GS/s 15 bits