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The Architect is the mother of the building The Architect is the mother of the building The builder is the nanny of the building The builder is the nanny of the building The Civil engineer is the Pediatrician The Civil engineer is the Pediatrician Reinforced Concrete Design Iftikhar Mahmood CECOS University 3/55

The Job of a Civil Engineer The Job of a Civil Engineer –The safety of the building –The Expenditure (Budget) Reinforced Concrete Design Iftikhar Mahmood CECOS University 4/55

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Concrete Stress-Strain 16

Design Stress Block 17

Beam Flexural Resistance 18 Concrete is assumed to crush at a strain of Replace non-linear variation of stress with the Whitney stress block  1 values are given in ACI Code Section

Flexural Strain 19  cu tt c d-c d Strain diagram

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T-Beam The ACI Code (ACI ) prescribes a limit on the effective flange width B E of interior T-section to the smallest of the following: The ACI Code (ACI ) prescribes a limit on the effective flange width B E of interior T-section to the smallest of the following: B E = L/4 B E = L/4 B E = b w + 16 h f B E = b w + 16 h f B E = center – to – center spacing of beams B E = center – to – center spacing of beams Reinforced Concrete Design Iftikhar Mahmood CECOS University 49/55

L-Beam For exterior T-sections, ACI prescribes for effective width B E the smallest of the following : B E = b w + L/12 B E = b w + L/12 B E = b w + 6 h f B E = b w + 6 h f B E = = b w + 1/2 clear distance to next beam B E = = b w + 1/2 clear distance to next beam Reinforced Concrete Design Iftikhar Mahmood CECOS University 50/55

Isolated T-Beam For isolated T- sections, ACI – gives B E = = 1/2 b w B E = = 1/2 b w Reinforced Concrete Design Iftikhar Mahmood CECOS University 51/55

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