 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.  HTML is a markup language and not a programming language.  HTML documents are also called web pages.  Since the early days of the web, there have been many versions of HTML  HTML 5 and XHTML 5 are the latest versions of HTML

 An HTML document consists of text, which defines the content of the document, and tags, which define the structure and appearance of the document.

Write your page title here Put your page content here

ITT Web Design and Administration This course covers a range of skills necessary to create attractive, visually interesting and functional Web pages

 HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like  Most, but not all, tags have an opening and closing tag.  HTML tags normally come in pairs like and

 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag  The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name.  Some tags don't have an end tag.  For instance  Used to break a text into next line  Used to draw a horizontal rule

 Tags specify how browser should display the part of the document associated with them.  Syntax: tag consists of a name, sometimes followed by a list of attributes, enclosed in angle brackets.

 Example  Tag with a name, but no attributes Hello in big letters  Tag with 2 attributes Red text!

 Under new XHTML 1.0 standard, names and attributes must be all lower case(although upper case still works).  Tag attributes follow after the tag name, separated by whitespace.  Attribute's value follows an equal sign after the name and usually quoted.  Avoid breaking tags across lines wherever possible.

 "HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing.  HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag, including the tags. For instance: This is a paragraph.

 Provide additional information about HTML elements  Always specified in the start tag  Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name=“value”.  Example A link

 Attribute value should be enclosed in quotes, single or double quotes.  In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use both quotes.  Example name = “Ng’ong’ona”

 Each html element has its valid list of attribute to use, however there are some attributes that can be used on any HTML element like id, class, style and title

 HTML uses tags like and for formatting output, like bold or italic text. tagdescription Defines bold text Defines emphasize text Defines italic text Defines smaller text Defines inserted text Defines deleted text Defines marked/highlighted text

 Links allow users to navigate from one page to another page  A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to another document.  When you move the cursor over a basic link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand.  The HTML tag defines a hyperlink.

 HTML link syntax  Link text  Link attributes href – the most important attribute which indicates the link destination target – specifies where to open the linked document id – used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document

Example:

 Example of id attribute Useful Tips Section  This type of link create an “anchor” to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document: Visit the Useful Tips Section

 The element is a container for all the head elements.  The following tags can be added to the head section:,,,,,, and

 The tag defines the title of the document.  The element: o defines a title in the browser toolbar o provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites o displays a title for the page in search-engine results

 The tag specifies the base URL/ target for all relative URLs in a page  Example  There can be only a single tag in a html document

 The text in these tags is not displayed, but parsable and tells the browsers(or other web services) specific information about the page.

 tag can be used to  Define keywords for search engines:  Define a description of your web page:

 Define the author of a page  The set of characters that can support

 XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language  XHTML is a general purpose markup language designed to represent documents for a wide range of purposes across the World Wide Web.

 XHTML is almost identical to HTML  XHTML is stricter than HTML  XHTML is aimed at enforcing HTML syntax. Although “bad” HTML can be tolerated by most modern browsers, XHTML must be properly formatted for it to be displayed.

 XHTML offers separation of the presentation of a document from the structure of the document’s information (content).  XHTML is based on the XML (Extensible Markup Language) syntax.