Wind Energy Mukul M. Sharma. U.S. Use of Renewable Energy Source: Annual Energy Review 1999, U.S. Energy Information Administration.

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Presentation transcript:

Wind Energy Mukul M. Sharma

U.S. Use of Renewable Energy Source: Annual Energy Review 1999, U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Power ClassWind Power (W/m2) Speed (m/s) 1<200< >800>8.8 Wind Power Map of the USA

Wind Energy Projects Throughout the United States of America Click on the shaded states to access information on existing and planned wind energy projects. Installed MW for each state in black. Updated: TOTAL INSTALLED WIND ENERGY CAPACITY: 4,685 MW as of Jan 21, 2003

U.S. Installed Capacity (Megawatts) YearMW , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , *4,685

Wind Turbine Power: P = 0.5 x rho x A x Cp x V 3 x Ng x Nb P = power in watts (746 watts = 1 hp) rho = air density (about kg/m 3 at sea level, less higher up) A = rotor swept area, exposed to the wind (m 2 ) Cp = Coefficient of performance (.59 {Betz limit} is the maximum theoretically possible,.35 for a good design) V = wind speed in meters/sec (20 mph = 9 m/s) Ng = generator efficiency (50% for car alternator, 80% or possibly more for a permanent magnet generator or grid- connected induction generator) Nb = gearbox/bearings efficiency (depends, could be as high as 95% if good)

Classes of Wind Power Density at 10 m and 50 m (a). 10 m (33 ft) 50 m (164 ft) Wind Power Class Wind Power Density (W/m 2 ) Speed (b) m/s (mph) Wind Power Density (W/m 2 ) Speed (b) m/s (mph) 1<100<4.4 (9.8)<200<5.6 (12.5) (9.8)/5.1 (11.5) (12.5)/6.4 (14.3) (11.5)/5.6 (12.5) (14.3)/7.0 (15.7) (12.5)/6.0 (13.4) (15.7)/7.5 (16.8) (13.4)/6.4 (14.3) (16.8)/8.0 (17.9) (14.3)/7.0 (15.7) (17.9)/8.8 (19.7) 7>400>7.0 (15.7)>800>8.8 (19.7)

Environmental benefits No emissions No fuel needed Distributed power Remote locations

Limitations of Wind Power  Power density is very low.  Needs a very large number of wind mills to produce modest amounts of power.  Cost.  Environmental costs.  material and maintenance costs.  Noise, birds and appearance.  Cannot meet large scale and transportation energy needs.

Wind Turbine Noise Levels

The Future of Wind Energy  Future of wind energy can be bright if government policies subsidize and encourage its use.  Technology improvements unlikely to have a major impact.  Can become cost competitive for electricity generation if fossil energy costs skyrocket.