(1600-1700) If it ain’t Baroque, don’t fix it

Definition www.artlex.com Baroque - The art style or movement of the Counter-Reformation in the seventeenth century. Although some features appear in Dutch art, the Baroque style was limited mainly to Catholic countries. It is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works.

Introduction Handout Summarize each paragraph PERSIA- write a letter for each paragraph This will actually be graded under classwork, because I have good TAs now!

Key Ideas - Culture Counter-Reformation symbolized the Catholic resurgence finds a voice in Baroque art. Painting comes in different forms: genre, landscape, still lives. Architecture associated with grand royal courts of Europe. Begins in Rome, towards end FRANCE becomes center for art.

The Low Down – Art Combined the accuracy of the Renaissance with the emotions of Mannerism Tenebrism was all the rage More individualistic style Artists see art as liberal vs. manual Compositional Elements Open compositions Diagonal lines Strong Contrasts

= +

Italian Baroque (1590-1680) Baroque style began in Rome Religion Artist Caravaggio Tenebrism Sculptor Bernini Architect Borromini

Tenebrism www.artlex.com tenebroso or tenebrism - Tenebroso is an Italian word, literally meaning dark and gloomy. Both tenebroso and its English equivalent, tenebrism, refer to a style of painting characterized by high contrast between light and shade -- emphasis placed on chiaroscuro to achieve dark, dramatic effects.

Tenebrism cont. Frequently the main subjects of tenebrist pictures are illuminated by a single source of light, as if a spotlight shone upon them, leaving other areas in darkness. Such pictures have been called "night pictures" painted in the "dark manner." The most reknowned tenebrists have been "Caravaggio"(Italian, 1571/73-1610), Georges De La Tour (French, 1593-1652), and Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606-1669).

Caravaggio Father of Tenebrism (chiaroscuro) Befriended the lower-class Hot-headed Ran from the law often Painted with a new sense of realism and dynamic force Painted as if the people were bring observed close up

Entombments Renaissance: Mannerism Baroque: Tenebrism Caravaggio Pontormo Caravaggio

Caravaggio. The Calling of St. Matthew. 1599-1600. Oil on canvas Caravaggio. The Calling of St. Matthew. 1599-1600. Oil on canvas. 10’7-1/2” x 11’2”

Calling of Saint Matthew video https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/caravaggio-s-calling-of-st-matthew-c-1599-1600 6 min. class quiz

Biographer Giovanni Bellori said about Caravaggio in 1672: “There is no question that Caravaggio advanced the art of painting because he came upon the scene at a time when realism was not much in fashion and when figures were made according to convention and manner and satisfied more the taste for gracefulness than for truth. Thus by avoiding all prettiness and vanity in his color, Caravaggio strengthened his tones and gave them flesh and blood.”

Choose and identify a work by Caravaggio Choose and identify a work by Caravaggio. Discuss the validity of Bellori’s statement about Caravaggio’s work in the view of art works that have preceded it. Use one side of a sheet of lined paper to write your essay.

Bernini Man of many trades Architect and sculptor Son of a sculptor Served the church under 8 popes

Bernini. David 1623. Marble, 5’7”. Roman Galleria

Donatello, Early Renaissance Michelangelo, High Renaissance Bernini, Baroque

Get out your “David” comparison handout On that handout or a different sheet of paper, create a third column. Answer the questions about Bernini’s David

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini-david-1623-24 4 min Class Quiz

Bernini. The Ecstasy of St. Teresa. 1645-52. Cornaro Chapel, Rome Bernini. The Ecstasy of St. Teresa. 1645-52. Cornaro Chapel, Rome. Marble.

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini-ecstasy-of-st-theresa 7 min Class quiz

Beside me, on the left, appeared an angel in bodily form Beside me, on the left, appeared an angel in bodily form.... He was not tall but short, and very beautiful; and his face was so aflame that he appeared to be one of the highest rank of angels, who seem to be all on fire.... In his hands I saw a great golden spear, and at the iron tip there appeared to be a point of fire. This he plunged into my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails. When he pulled it out I felt that he took them with it, and left me utterly consumed by the great love of God. The pain was so severe that it made me utter several moans. The sweetness caused by this intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly wish it to cease, nor is one's soul content with anything but God. This is not a physical but a spiritual pain, though the body has some share in it—even a considerable share.

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome.

Turn to a partner and discuss what you see that looks different from previous architecture we have covered.

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/francesco-borromini-san-carlo-1638-1646 7 min.

Question One of the distinctive qualities of Francesco Borromini’s architecture, visible in the façade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, is _____________________.

Answer Its similarity to Greek temple design

Flemish, Dutch, Spanish, and French Baroque

Flemish Baroque (1600-40) Southern Netherlands Belgium Catholicism - Altarpieces Peter Paul Rubens Over 2,000 paintings Large female nudes Religion Van Dyck Portraiture

Peter Paul Rubens Worked in favor of the Counter-Reformation Created large-scale figures Used Carvaggio’s tenebrism to enhance his work

Peter Paul Rubens. The Raising of the Cross. Belgium. 1610-11 Peter Paul Rubens. The Raising of the Cross. Belgium. 1610-11. Oil on canvas. 15’2” x 11’2”

Handout annotate summarize each paragraph highlight/ underline

What do you think is happening in this painting?

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-marie 5 min.

Handout annotate summarize each paragraph highlight/ underline blah blah blah

Dutch Baroque (1630-70) Northern Netherlands Holland Protestant, few religious works Still lives Genre scenes Vermeer Portraits Rembrandt

Rembrandt Married into a family with an art dealer and quickly made connections The most important painter working in Amsterdam in the 17th century. Loses much of his earnings over the years Begins IMPASTO painting – thickening of the paint

Rembrandt van Rijn self-portraits

Rembrandt, Self Portrait with Saskia

Handout annotate summarize each paragraph highlight/ underline blah blah blah

Video on Etching Process https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHxF6puMpts 10 min.

Rembrandt, The Jewish Bride

Interpretation of The Jewish Bride Completed during his last years. Exemplifies the artist's genius for expressing human emotion on canvas The painting acquired its current name during the early 19th century, when a Dutch art dealer described the subject as that of a Jewish father giving a necklace to his daughter on her wedding day. Today, while the identities of the two people remain obscure, most art historians believe them to be Isaac and his wife Rebecca from the Old Testament.

Whether or not he intended it as a straightforward piece of Biblical art, there is no doubt however, that Rembrandt was depicting an intimate relationship between his two subjects. The man places his hand on the woman's bosom, while she moves instinctively to protect her modesty. Yet both show every sign of tenderness towards each other, so this is hardly a typical seduction scene.

Despite the romance and love, however, this is not an entirely happy picture. Perhaps because Rembrandt himself was experiencing a certain physical strain in his work and life. Isaac has quite modest expectations in his eyes, as if he is uncertain what the future holds, while Rebecca appears thoughtful, almost distracted. In short, this is a masterclass in psychological portraiture, and is yet another reminder why Rembrandt is considered by many to rank among the best portrait artists, and is probably one of the best artists of all time.

Leyster, Self-Portrait 1635. Oil on canvas.

Name means “guide star,” but the artist was a star in her hometown. She was only 19 when her artwork started to be noticed In Holland, as in the rest of Europe, professional women painters were indeed uncommon. Leyster was one of only two women accepted as a master in Haarlem’s painters’ guild during the entire 17th century.

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/holland/v/leyster-self 5 min.

Jan Vermeer. Woman Holding a Balance. C. 1664. Oil on canvas. 15” x 14”

On Monday Schultz will be absent, you will watch Tim’s Vermeer On Monday Schultz will be absent, you will watch Tim’s Vermeer. Which is an awesome movie about the theory that painters like Vermeer, Carravagio, and Rembrandt used optical illusions/ mirrors to paint.

More Vermeer…

Rachel Ruysch, Fruit and Insects

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/holland/v/ruysch-flowers-insects 4 min.

Spanish Baroque (1625-60) Economic turmoil Spanish Golden Age Velázquez Court Portraiture

Velazquez, Las Meninas. 1656. Oil on canvas. 10’5” x 9’1/2” Queen Mariana King Phillip Princess Margret Teresa

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/spain/v/vel-zquez-las-meninas-c-1656 6 min.

Las Meninas, by Diego Velazquez, has been considered by many one of the greatest paintings ever created. Why? What are some of the symbols, meanings, and illusions that Velazquez plays with in this painting

Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei

Handout Do things to each paragraph…

Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and Hunting Scene

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/Colonial-Americas/v/brooklyn-biombo 7 min.

The Virgin of Guadalupe His work is signed by Miguel González, who along with his brother Juan González is considered the foremost painter of enconchados. 

Invented in Mexico, the enconchado technique consisted of placing tiny fragments of mother-of-pearl onto a wooden support or a canvas, and then covering them with a yellowish tint and thin glazes of paint. The technique, which is inspired on Asian decorative arts, imparts a brilliant luminosity to the works due to the iridescence of the shell fragments. 

This work depicts the famous Virgin of Guadalupe placed atop an eagle perched on a cactus, Mexico City's legendary coat of arms. This is a significant detail that points to the rapid creation of the cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe in the second half of the seventeenth century, and her increasing association with a local sense of identity.

French Baroque (1670-1715) Becoming economic and artistic power Poussin La Tour Versailles

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/france/v/poussin-et-in-arcadia 3 min.

Versailles Handout… do things

Documentary 1 hr Movie notes- write 10 facts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3a72XmInag 1 hr Movie notes- write 10 facts

Versailles Facts Designed by Louis Le-Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart 1168-85 Under the Royal Academy of Architecture Math = beauty Baroque opulence Patron Louis XIV to show off his luxury and the splendor of France Includes crystal chandeliers, silver furniture, marble walls, velvet and gold hangings, 498 people were required to bring the king his meals – “not private people” Visual impact > comfort 240 ft hall of mirrors Gardens designed by Andre le Notre on math and symmetry “Symmetry always symmetry”

Vocabulary Baldacchino: a canopy placed over an altar or shrine Genre painting: painting in which scenes of every day life are depicted. Tenebroso: a dramatic dark and light contrast in a painting Vanitas: a theme in still life painting that stresses the brevity of life and the folly of human vanity.

During the Baroque time period, France became a political and cultural center. Describe Versailles and how it is symbolic of Louis XIV’s cultural and political power.

Portrait of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Miguel Cabrera Handout Annotate

Summary Grand, majestic, colorful European art. Illusion Floating figures Trompe l’oeil Tenebristic lighting Interaction with the viewer Naturalistic painters with dramatic contrasts

1. In what specific ways does Mannerism reject Italian Art 1. In what specific ways does Mannerism reject Italian Art? Think of specific characteristics and examples.   2. How was the Northern Renaissance different than the Italian Renaissance? 3. What are some of the major characteristics that set the Northern Renaissance apart? 4. How did emerging nations influence art in the Baroque time period? Does each nation have a unique style? Or are there some similar elements that unite all Baroque art? 5. Baroque art emphasized time, light, and space? How? Give some specific examples. 6. What makes Baroque art dramatic, personal, and emotional? Give some examples. 7. Compare and contrast Caravaggio and Bernini? How are they similar and different as men? As Artists? How did the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation influence Baroque art? Give specifics. Define foreshortening

During the Baroque, commissions for portraits came from patrons with increasing frequency. Compare and contrast the styles of Vermeer, Rembrandt, and Rubens.

Short Essay The Counter Reformation Baroque style focuses on astonishing and overpowering its audience. Art of this time was also enlisted in serving the purposes of the church militant. The Aristocratic Baroque style focuses on glorifying the state and asserting national power and prestige. The Bourgeois Baroque was marked by the concentration on down-to-earth common people of the middle class. Choose and identify a work for one of the types of baroque art above. Identify the work and explain how it exemplifies the style you chose.