The Thirty Years War 1618-1648.

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Presentation transcript:

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

The Thirty Years War is complex The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main conflict was between the German states who had religious differences.

It was a war over Catholic-Protestant Issues

And it was a war between the Hapsburg empire and the various German states

Various countries from outside the region interfered or actively fought in the war. Millions died in this war.

France supported the Protestant states in order to keep Germany weak, disunited, and because they hated the Hapsburgs.

Sweden and Denmark fought to support the Protestant cause and to test their armies.

Mercenaries from all over Europe joined the different stages of the War.

The result was wide spread devastation and destruction—the most destructive war prior to the Napoleonic Wars.

The war begins with the Defenestration of Prague, a very famous story

The two Catholic priests were thrown out a window by Protestants. They land in a manure pile

The new Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand, moves on Bohemia to restore order and authority. He is a devout Catholic.

Bohemia looks for help from the Protestant Elector Frederick V to defend their cause. Frederick will be up against the emperor, Ferdinand.

Frederick leaves his home in the Palatine (Rhineland) to help defend Bohemia!

Frederick was married to Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I of England.

Frederick will flee after his defeat by the forces of Catholic Bavaria Frederick will flee after his defeat by the forces of Catholic Bavaria. He will be known as the Winter King for his short time in power, and his wife will be known as the Winter Queen.

Let’s review on the map where Catholic Bavaria is in relation to Bohemia

After his win in Bohemia, Ferdinand re-enforces his empire with Spanish troops. The Spaniards flood into the Protestant German States.

Phase 2: The Swedish Phase (1630-1635) Catholics take over lots of Protestant areas. The Augsburg peace is ignored It seems as if the Reformation will be undone.

Enter Gustavus Adolphus. . . Gustavus Adolphus was king of Sweden He was busy fighting Poland Cardinal Richelieu lures Adolphus into taking up the Protestant cause.

Gustavus is busy Fighting the Poles, but Richelieu persuades him To take up the Protestant Cause. He does. Richelieu sends money to Sweden

Hence, Richelieu of Catholic France aids Protestants against the Catholic Holy Roman Empire

Gustavus Adolphus leaves his fighting in Poland and now takes the Leadership against the Catholics

Under his leadership, Sweden wins victories. Sadly, Adolphus is killed at the battle of Lutzen in 1632.

The Swedish French Phase, 1635-1648 This time, Richelieu comes out clearly on the side of the Protestants and supports the Swedes. Frances joins the Protestant cause.

When France joins, the Spanish retaliate When France joins, the Spanish retaliate! They sweep down from the Spanish Netherlands and attack France!

When the Spanish attack, France moves toward Spain When the Spanish attack, France moves toward Spain! French troops move into Catalonia spreading devastation. Spanish Troops attack from France from the Spanish Netherlands France retaliates by attacking Catalonia, Spain

The Peace of Westphalia 1648 – Germany was devastated! Important consequences: Weakened Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria Strengthened France Began peaceful negotiation process Started modern European nations

The Holy Roman Empire dissolves

States of Germany now have stronger individual rights: Germany remains weak and divided.

Germany was physically devastated

Between 3-7 million died in the Thirty Years War

England, the Netherlands, and France will take the lead in European trade, culture and politics

Germany’s separate states will hinder trade and progress for many years. It will not fully unite until 1871.

States form in Central Europe Austria Maria Theresa inherits throne Daughter of Charles VI (Hapsburg) Prussia Led by Frederick the Great (aka Frederick II) Very aggressive like his father Enemies of Austria

War of Austrian Succession Prussia invades Silesia(Austria) Frederick II wanted to test Maria Theresa’s power and ability to rule. (He really didn’t like her at all.) Prussia/France vs. Austria/Great Britian/Hungary Prussia gains Silesia

Seven Year’s War Prussia invades Saxony(Austria) Prussia/France vs. Austria/Great Britain/Russia Britain was the main victor(gained India and French colonies) What is this war called in North America?