University of New Mexico Internet2 Day 28 March 2003 http://health.internet2.edu Internet2 and the Health Sciences Mary Kratz, MT(ASCP) Program Manager, Internet2 Health Sciences Introduction What is Internet2? Mission Advanced Research and Education Network Consortium # Members [Network Map] current backbone topology and speeds - GigaPOPs Relationship with other networks - National Peering Arrangements - Local Networks - International Peering Arrangements Future of the backbone - upgrade to OC-192 - etc What is an Internet2 Application Current Applications Attributes - Examples - NEES - HENP - STAR How Astronomy will work - eVLBI University of New Mexico Internet2 Day 28 March 2003

Internet2 Mission Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. Enable new generation of applications Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet This is the Internet2 mission. 10/13/2018

Today’s Internet Doesn’t Provide reliable end-to-end performance Encourage cooperation on new capabilities Allow testing of new technologies Support development of revolutionary applications Today’s Internet has serious shortcomings. Some of them are performance or technically related, which limit the kinds of applications and capabilities the Internet can support. Other limitations affect the ability to innovate new capabilities that would address some of the performance and technical limitations. 10/13/2018

Internet2 Universities 202 University Members, February 2003 This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus. 10/13/2018

Leadership University presidents/chancellors are the voting representatives Strong Board of Directors Advisory councils with board seats Applications Strategy Council Network Planning and Policy Network Research Liaison Industry Liaison Council 10/13/2018

Internet2 Partnerships Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy Industry Government International Partnerships are the foundation of how the Internet developed and they are also a part of the foundation of Internet2. 10/13/2018

Internet2 Corporate Partners This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities. 10/13/2018

History Internet2 NGI University-led Federal agency-led Developing education and research driven applications Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure Funding research testbeds and agency research networks Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative. Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications 10/13/2018

Abilene Network Core Map, February 2003 IP over DWDM (OC-192c) and IP over SONET OC-48c Backbone 10/13/2018

Abilene Network Logical Map 10/13/2018

Download of “The Matrix” DVD 10/13/2018

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware Engineering Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 10/13/2018

Attributes of Advanced Apps http://apps.internet2.edu/ Provide qualitative and quantitative improvements in how we conduct research and engage in teaching and learning Common attributes: Remote instrumentation and interactive collaboration Distributed data storage and data mining Large-scale, multi-site computation Real-time access to remote resources Dynamic data visualization Shared virtual reality Physics traditional “power users” of all networks Apps Group Mission Identify that “advanced” apps leverage technology and implement capabilities not possible without Abilene 10/13/2018

Internet2 Commons H.323 Data Sharing The Internet2 Commons Instant Messaging Voice/IP Electronic Notebooks Peer to Peer Others Collaboratories Access Grid MPEG2 VRVS Videoconferencing Technologies Collaborative Technologies Other Technologies An effort to encourage and support large-scale, distributed collaboration for the research and education community Enabling one-to-one, one-to-group, and group-to-group collaboration Supporting personal communications, meetings, conferences, and teaching and learning For Internet2 members and their international partners 10/13/2018

Healthcare in the Information Age

The Scope of the Internet2 Health Science Workgroup includes clinical practice, medical and related biological research, education, and medical awareness in the Public. Enigma Machine and Bombe Armed forces have always been dependent on communications. During World War II, the German Army and Navy tried to keep their communications secret by using encryption devices called Enigma machines. These sophisticated coding devices could generate over 1 trillion different coding patterns. The Germans believed they were too sophisticated for Allied forces to break them. But in one of the best-kept secrets of the war, first the Poles, and later the British and Americans succeeded in deciphering messages. The wooden device in the foreground is a 4 rotor German Enigma machine, used for encoding. The large machine in the background is a "Bombe," used for breaking the code. Working out the details of codebreaking machines was one of the developments that fostered electronic computers. Smithsonian Photo by Laurie Minor-Penland.

Networking Health: Prescriptions for the Internet Roadmap Networking Health: Prescriptions for the Internet National Research Council Report Current and future Internet Released 24 February 2000 National Academy Press ISBN 0-309-06843-6 10/13/2018

Health Science and Information Technology Overlap More new information will be created in the next 2 years than throughout our entire history Instantaneous global collaboration is the next killer application Medical science will not be possible without advanced computing solutions Research & development will rely increasingly on academic & industry partnerships 03/19/03 10/13/2018 1

The Internet of the Future and the Future of Medicine High bandwidth human interaction Low latency virtual reality Reliable access to computational resources Secure retrieval of medical images and data Image courtesy of: Dr. Christopher Johnson, Director of the SCI Institute 10/13/2018 03/19/03 1

Grand Challenge: National Health Information Infrastructure       Organism(person) Organ Tissue Cell Protein Atom & organ systems (1m) (10-3m) (10-6m) (10-9m) (10-12m) (10-15m)              Systems models Continuum models (PDEs) ODEs Stochastic models Pathway models Gene networks     Modeling, Simulation, Visualization, Software Frameworks, Databases, Networking, Grids Courtesy: Peter Hunter, University of Auckland 10/13/2018

Cornucopia of Applications! apps.internet2.edu 10/13/2018

Human Embryo Development George Mason University, Oregon Health & Science University, National Library of Medicine 3-D visualizations of human embryo development Doctors can manipulate data remotely Animations of embryo system development for students This large, NLM-funded project focuses on providing a way for medical professionals to communicate detailed information about human embryo development in a visual form. This project comprises a network of medical collaboration workstations, using high-performance, off-the-shelf networked computer systems combined with advanced software for collaboration, and medical visualization. The workstations are installed at eight project locations and interconnected over high-performance networks operating at data rates over 100 megabits per second nationwide. As a result, doctors will be able to visualize and manipulate high-resolution image data collaboratively for diagnoses, clinical case management, and medical education.   George Mason University is providing overall responsibility for the project as well as collaboration technology. Oregon Health Sciences University (OHSU) has a leading role in the Annotation and Modeling application and is responsible for aspects of embryology dealing with the heart and lungs. For example, using image sets from the Visible Embryo Project to create 3-D computer models, the OHSU Heart Research Center is helping to improve understanding of the complex processes of normal and abnormal heart development. Their Embryology Education Application makes visualization tools available for medical student use and creates animations of embryo organ system development. Internet2 networks allow sharing of the images in real-time with researchers in California and Washington, D.C. http://www.nac.gmu.edu/visembryo.htm http://www.ohsu.edu/chrc/ 10/13/2018

Virtual Pelvic Floor University of Illinois at Chicago Provides 3-D visualization of complex anatomical structures Participants use ImmersaDesk™ systems to interact with 3-D anatomical model Successful surgical intervention depends on the surgeon's ability to conceptually visualize complex anatomical structures (such as the pelvic floor) three-dimensionally. Tele-immersive applications, combining teleconferencing, telepresence, and virtual reality, combined with the advanced network capabilities of Internet2 networks, allow both teacher and students to enjoy improved visualization of 3-D structures.   Tele-immersion participants interact using two or more by networked ImmersaDeskTM systems and using special eyeglasses with sensors that track each viewer’s movements and cause the system to automatically orient the model in relation to the viewer. The teacher and students—even in geographically remote locations—are able to share and interact with a 3-D anatomical model, converse, see each other, and point in three dimensions using an electronic wand. ImmersaDesk is a trademark of The University of Illinois, Board of Trustees http://www.sbhis.uic.edu/vrml/Research/PelvicFloor/PelvicFloor.htm 10/13/2018

Distributed Medical Informatics Education Oregon Health & Science University and the University of Pittsburgh Covers a broad range of fields including electronic medical records and information retrieval Distance learning provides students with access to faculty, expertise, and other students Medical informatics is a broad field spanning electronic medical records, telemedicine, information retrieval, image processing and analysis, bioinformatics, and evaluation methodologies. Using Internet2 high-speed networking and distance learning modalities, students in the informatics programs within Oregon Health & Science University and the University of Pittsburgh have access to a broader range of faculty, areas of subject expertise, and other students with whom to collaborate. http://www.ohsu.edu/bicc-informatics/ http://www.cbmi.upmc.edu/ Funded by NLM 10/13/2018

National Digital Mammography Archive (NDMA) University of Toronto University of Chicago University of Pennsylvania Oakridge National Laboratory University of North Carolina Images courtesy of: Dr. Robert Hollebeek, NCSA 10/13/2018 03/19/03 1

NDMA Case Study: Early Detection Suspicious Year 1 Faint or no evidence Year 3 Diagnosed 10/13/2018 03/19/03 1

Anatomy Surgerical Workbench and Local NGI Testbed Network http://haiti.stanford.edu/~ngi/final/ Stanford School of Medicine Allows students to learn anatomy and practice surgery techniques using 3-D workstations Network testbed evaluates the effectiveness of workbench applications SUMMIT’s Next Generation Internet (NGI) testbed network within the Stanford School of Medicine evaluates the effectiveness of the Anatomy and Surgery Workbench applications. The testbed network links selected classrooms, labs, clinical departments, and the medical library using a high-speed gigabit Ethernet backbone. The new 3-D Learning Space and connected classrooms allow students to learn anatomy and basic surgical skills through the use of 3-D workstations, haptic (touch sensitive) devices, stereoscopic displays, distributed rich media databases, and application program servers. Both applications support synchronous collaboration through a shared virtual workspace and will use haptic feedback to augment the visual sense. This technology permits the definition of new curricular elements including the repeated dissection of anatomical structures, visual segmentation of raw data sets, creation of 3-D organ models, and the practice of fundamental surgical maneuvers. The capabilities of Internet2 high-performance networks and use of a distributed client-server system allow teachers and users to share online, image-rich data, and professional experiences. 10/13/2018

Virtual Tumor Board Funded by NLM 10/13/2018

Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) http://www.nbirn.net/ Distributed data repositories Dynamic 3D visualizations of brain morphology and function 36 Gbytes/day Data security, access control, anonymization Morphology BIRN Internet 2 BIRN Coordinating Center (UCSD) Mouse BIRN 10/13/2018

Security and Privacy Guidelines: HIPAA Compliance! 10/13/2018

Inter-Disciplinary Partnerships Catalyse New Uses Direct Visualizations Data Collection/Integration Data Mining Device Intercommunication Haptic Immersion Augmented Dexterity Advanced Sensors Wireless Data Collection Economic Models for Reimbursement Realities Direct Visualizations: VTC “presence” Data collection/integration/mining; data knowledgebases to enhance human congnition Device intercommunications: EMS medical devices, bioengineering, pace maker Haptic Immersion: Sense of “Touch”; OB-GYN Augemented Dexterity; Surgery attenuation; beyond human capabilities Advanced Sensors; Nanotechnologies Wireless; getting to the end points! MiMComm Economic Models; lessons from Telemedicine. Image courtesy of: Dr. Christopher Johnson, Director of the SCI Institute 10/13/2018 1

More Information On the Web Email health/internet2.edu www.internet2.edu Email info@internet2.edu Mary Kratz Program Manager Internet2 Health Sciences Mkratz@internet2.edu 9-11 April Spring Member Meeting in DC For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact info@internet2.edu directly by email. 10/13/2018

www.internet2.edu