RENAISSANCE.

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Presentation transcript:

RENAISSANCE

European Renaissance 1300-1600

What do these guys have to do with this?!?

Leonardo, Donatello, Raphael, Michelangelo…

4 Major Renaissance Artists – Leonardo, Donatello, Raphael, Michelangelo (left to right)

Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa

Donatello’s St. Mark

Raphael’s School of Athens

Michelangelo’s Pieta, Last Judgment

Donatello discovered the technique of perspective Leonardo da Vinci studied how muscles work in a body to paint a more realistic human Michelangelo was a master at portraying the human body (David) Raphael – painter and architect, studied Leonardo & Michelangelo’s work

DO NOW (EXTENDED REMIX VERSION) Art Analysis – REN or MED? You will be shown six different paintings during this activity. Your job is to analyze the paintings. First, you will jot down your thoughts and observations silently. Next, we will get into groups and discuss our observations. The final step will be de- briefing each painting as a class. Write down at least 5 bullet point notes for each of the following paintings. Look at the painting closely – what strikes you about it? Is it realistic or unrealistic? Color? Subject matter? What story is the painting telling? Who are the people in the painting? Do the human bodies look realistic? Does the space look realistic? Be specific! Ultimately, we will be discussing which paintings are examples of Renaissance art and which are examples of Medieval art.

PAINTING #1

PAINTING #2

PAINTING #3

PAINTING #4

PAINTING #5

PAINTING #6

Painting 1 Name: Lamentation of Christ Artist: Unknown Time Period: 1146 (?) Location: St. Panteleimon, 12th Century Byzantine Church, Macedonia Type: Medieval art, fresco Notes: Lamentation common theme in Christian art during H. Mid. Ages. After Jesus was crucified, body removed from cross & friends mourn over body. Mary often depicted holding him – Pieta.

Painting 2 Name: Procession of the Magi Artist: Benozzo Gozzoli Time Period: 1459-1461 Location: Magi Chapel in Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence, Italy Type: Renaissance art, frescoes Notes: Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem to see the Nativity of Jesus, (Biblical Magi = Three Wise Men/Three Kings), painted for the Medici family – they had themselves painted into the frescoes. Chapel - Museums in Florence Video of Frescoes

Painting 3 Name: Crucifixion Artist: Unknown Time Period: 1200 Location: Unknown Type: Medieval art Notes: Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalen, Judas ?

Painting 4 Name: The Holy Trinity Artist: Masaccio Time Period: 1425-1427 Location: Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy Type: Renaissance art, fresco Notes: Figures kneeling on either side are believed to be donors/patrons of art, perhaps the Lenzi or Berti family, paintings of the holy trinity are often intended for personal devotions/commemorate the dead. Carved inscription “I once was what you are and what I am you also will be.” Use of linear perspective! Khan Holy Trinity Painting

Painting 5 Name: School of Athens Artist: Raphael Time Period: 1509-1511 Location: Painted as part of Raphael’s commission to decorate room in the Vatican Type: Renaissance art, fresco Notes: Represents philosophy (paintings of literature & theology were also in same room), Plato is depicted in the center with red robes and Aristotle is to his right in blue robes, vanishing point, Roman elements present in architecture Khan - School of Athens

Painting 6 Name: Arrest of Christ (Kiss of Judas) Artist: Giotto Time Period: 1304-1306 Location: Scrovegni Chapel, Padua, Italy Type: Debated, Late Medieval/Early or Proto-Renaissance Notes: Giotto often viewed as a bridge between med. Art and Ren. Art, Giotto’s interpretation of Judas’s kiss. After the Last Supper, Judas identifies Jesus for the Roman soldiers by kissing him. Chapel Video

Italian Renaissance

Characteristics of Renaissance Art Interest in secular themes  Art doesn’t necessarily have only religious themes Humanism Human achievements & education are important, value of critical thinking over faith Naturalism – expressive gesture, linear perspective, chiaroscuro (strong contrasts between light & dark) Influence of Greek classics Realism – realistic looking human bodies

Background Renaissance: Rebirth In this case, the rebirth of art and learning The Renaissance began in Italy around 1300, later spreads north

What causes the Renaissance? How does it start? When/where/why? Turn & Talk What causes the Renaissance? How does it start? When/where/why?

Why does the Renaissance take hold at this time? During late Middle Ages Europeans experience war, disease and death The Church taught Christians to endure this suffering & be rewarded in Heaven After the bad times, people began to reject the Church & focus on enjoying worldly pleasures

Causes of the Renaissance Increased trade with Asia and other regions as a result of the Crusades Growth of city-states Renewed interest in classical learning of ancient Greeks Rise of wealthy merchants who become patrons of the arts Increased desire for knowledge (scientific and technical) Desire to beautify cities (after Black Death, etc.)

Vocab Break Patrons of the Art: someone who financially supports artists Popes spent huge amounts of money to commission artwork and make Rome beautiful Medici family

Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? Write down all three: Thriving city-states Increased trade Wealthy merchant class

Rise of City-States Italy was divided into city-states in the north and Papal States in the South Venice, Milan and Florence three important, thriving city-states! The Church, nobles, merchants and artisans dominated society in these city-states

Renaissance Man: all educated people were expected to create art and to be well versed in all subjects. The Ren. Man should be well educated, charming, witty, dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. Renaissance Woman: should know the Classics and should inspire art (rather than create)

Remember… Our Renaissance (rebirth) buzzwords Secular themes Humanism Naturalism Greek classics Realism

Renaissance Northern Renaissance Subject Matter Classical mythology, religious scenes, included secular themes Style Symmetrical, balanced, linear perspective Known for: Figures with volume, knowledge of anatomy, realistic, Humanism, Greek influences Media Fresco, tempera, oil Example Botticelli’s Birth of Venus

Renaissance Engineering an Empire

The Medici Family

A family of bankers The Medici family est. themselves as a political dynasty in Florence, Italy in the late 1300s Not nobles – they gained power through bribes, threats, marriages & networking As their bank grew, so did their political power in Florence

Cosimo de’Medici (1389- 1464) established the family Lorenzo de’Medici was Cosimo’s grandson 1449-1492 Lorenzo the Magnificent

Art & the Medici Family Patrons of the Arts: The Medici family contributed greatly to the arts Supported the Renaissance For example, Lorenzo had Michelangelo live with their family while he established himself He went on to paint the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City!

Birth of a Dynasty - Medici