PAF 101 Module 5, Lecture 8 Skill Set Number 10: Problem Solving Identify the Problem Develop Solutions Launch Solutions

Class Agenda Announcements Review of Module #5 Paper Exercise 11.1 and Memo

Teach for America  One day, all children in this nation will have the opportunity to attain an excellent education. Campus Campaign Coordinator: Niles Mattier Email: ndmattie@syr.edu <https://www.teachforamerica.org>

Module 5 Newsletter is on the website Module 5 Newsletter is on the website! Look at it if you want a good grade!!!

Extra Credit Speaker Online forms due 12/8 by 10PM 15 points possible – Up to 3 points a submission

Receipts Needed on Final Paper 10 points at risk! Take a screenshot of post-test receipt and print it out Course evaluation: You will receive an email with the URL. Once completed print off the confirmation page and attach it behind the post test screenshot Attach both screenshots directly behind the references section of Module 5

Competition Points B 30 C 23 A 22 F 19 D 11 H 10 E 9 G 7 I Winners Losers As of 12/01/2017

Prince Analysis Steps Identify Necessary Actions Identify Key Players Estimate Position (-5 to +5) Estimate Power (1 to 5) Estimate Priority (1 to 5) Calculate Probabilities Formulate Prince Strategies Ex. 9.1 Ex. 9.2 Ex. 9.3 Ex. 9.4 Chapter 10

Hints for Prince Analysis 9.1B: players for legislative actions = legislature + top executive. For schools it is the school board that is the legislature. Groups of lobbyist can be players 9.1D: budget decisions are usually administrative 9.2: choosing a player is based on POWER; justification should reflect power. Always include person with veto power, state legislature (House and Senate), and maybe lobbyist groups (but don't use the word lobby/lobbyist!) You can have opposing interest groups as players 9.3: justification for SCORE, not player choice 10.2: no arguments (don’t use the word lobbying!) 10.3B: use same guidelines as in 9.4B

Worth 40 points Worth 29% of your Module 5 grade!!!!!!!!! Exercise 11.1 Worth 40 points Worth 29% of your Module 5 grade!!!!!!!!!

Exercise 11.1 Societal Problem Proposed Policy Benchmarks Exercise 11.1 Policy Memorandum Based on What You Have Learned this Semester Your Total Score:_____ (Maximum: 40 points) Write a policy memo of no more than 350 words. Read the Policy Memo section of Chapter 11 and follow the guidelines closely. Societal Problem Proposed Policy Benchmarks Political Feasibility

Memo Debriefing TO: Joanne Mahoney Onondaga County Executive SUBJECT: Implement a Syringe Exchange Program in Onondaga County

Memo Debriefing TO: Joanne Mahoney Onondaga County Executive SUBJECT: Implement a Syringe Exchange Program in Onondaga County Problem 1: Missing FROM Problems: Missing FROM: William Coplin Missing Date Missing “New York” after Onondaga County in Subject Problem 2: Missing Date Problem 3: Missing State

Revised TO: Joanne Mahoney Onondaga County Executive FROM: William Coplin Date: December 12, 2016 SUBJECT: Implement a Syringe Exchange Program in Onondaga County, New York

Societal Problem: Dear Joanne, Societal Problem The Oneida County Health Assessment published in 2010 reports that the total number of AIDS cases among residents of Oneida County has consistently increased between 2000 and 2010. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that there is no cure for the disease resulting in a 100% mortality rate.

Societal Problem: Dear Joanne, Societal Problem The Oneida County Health Assessment published in 2010 reports that the total number of AIDS cases among residents of Oneida County has consistently increased between 2000 and 2010. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that there is no cure for the disease resulting in a 100% mortality rate. Problem 1: Not a friendly letter. Don’t need the salutation. Problems: Not a friendly letter. Don’t need the salutation. Policy is for Onondaga County, not Oneida County No causes provided- must have at least one cause Societal Problem is stated in the correct and clear format NOTE: “increased number of cases” is credible evidence   Textbook states: identify the societal problem most important negative consequences primary causes Problem 2: Policy is for Onondaga County, not Oneida County Problem 3: No causes provided- must have at least one cause

Revised Societal Problem The Onondaga County Health Assessment published in 2010 reports that the total number of AIDS cases among residents of Onondaga County has consistently increased between 2000 and 2010. Nearly 40% of these cases are a result of intravenous drug users sharing contaminated syringes which results in the transmission of HIV. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that there is no cure for the disease resulting in a 100% mortality rate.

Proposed Policy: Proposed Policy Since 1992, free and anonymous syringe exchange programs (SEPs) have been legal in the state of New York. Since that time seven New York cities or boroughs have established at least one SEP, each with great success.

Proposed Policy: Proposed Policy Since 1992, free and anonymous syringe exchange programs (SEPs) have been legal in the state of New York. Since that time seven New York cities or boroughs have established at least one SEP, each with great success. Problem 3: No cost of policy mentioned   Problems: No policy is proposed No mention of geographic location Missing what agency will implement the policy No cost of policy mentioned Textbook states: Describe the government action you are suggesting Try to estimate the costs Problem 1: No policy is proposed Problem 2: Missing what agency will implement the policy

Revised Proposed Policy The Onondaga County Health Department will establish free and anonymous syringe exchange programs (SEPs) that would provide sterile syringe and other necessary sterile injection accessories, in accordance with the already established New York State Department of Health guidelines governing SEPs. Additional resources are required to implement this policy.

Benchmarks: Benchmarks National researchers at both the CDC and the University of California have shown SEPs to reduce HIV infection rates by nearly 50%. Similar results have been reported for New York State. Assuming implementation in 2017, the percentage of HIV infections from intravenous drug use should decrease to 28% in 2018 and 14% in 2019, and 7% in 2020. This will result in a 7% annual decrease in infection rate.

Benchmarks: Problem 3: Does not show the effects of the policy/the value of achieving the benchmark (i.e. reduction in the number of AIDS cases) Benchmarks National researchers at both the CDC and the University of California have shown SEPs to reduce HIV infection rates by nearly 50%. Similar results have been reported for New York State. Assuming implementation in 2017, the percentage of HIV infections from intravenous drug use should decrease to 28% in 2018 and 14% in 2019, and 7% in 2020. This will result in a 7% annual decrease in infection rate. Problems: Does not state why benchmark years were chosen (i.e. takes time to see effects of policy) Does not show the effects of the policy/the value of achieving the benchmark (i.e. reduction in the number of AIDS cases)   Textbook states: Indicate the three years Give actual statistics that you hope to see if benchmarks are successful Suggest the most important reason why you think the benchmarks will be reached Problem 1: Benchmark years are wrong- does not take into account time to see effects of the policy (should be 2022, 2027, 2032) Problem 2: Does not state why benchmark years were chosen (i.e. takes time to see effects of policy)

Revised Benchmarks This policy will be able to be implemented quickly; however, it will take time show the effect on the number of AIDS cases. Therefore, the benchmarks for this policy will be set at 5, 10, and 15 years from the date of the SEP opening. National researchers at both the CDC and the University of California have shown SEPs to reduce HIV infection rates by nearly 50%. Similar results have been reported for New York State. Assuming implementation in 2017, the percentage of HIV infections from intravenous drug use should decrease to 28% in 2022, 14% in 2027, and 7% in 2032. This policy would be proved effective if these benchmarks were reached, resulting in a significant reduction of AIDS cases in Onondaga County.

Political Feasibility: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the cost per HIV infection prevented by SEPs is between $4,000 and $12,000, considerably less than the estimated $190,000 spent in treating a single person infected with HIV. Upon approval by the AIDS Institute and the NYS Health Commissioner, state and federal funds cover most of the costs. The financial pressure on the county budget would create substantial political opposition to the policy. Sincerely, William Coplin  

Political Feasibility: Problem 5: No need for Sincerely or a closing Political Feasibility: Problem 4: Needs a word count at the end Political Feasibility According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the cost per HIV infection prevented by SEPs is between $4,000 and $12,000, considerably less than the estimated $190,000 spent in treating a single person infected with HIV. Upon approval by the AIDS Institute and the NYS Health Commissioner, state and federal funds cover most of the costs. The financial pressure on the county budget would create substantial political opposition to the policy. Sincerely, William Coplin Problems: Needs more discussion about political opposition because of budget restraints Needs statement that the benefits outweigh the costs of the policy Needs discussion over who would support the policy Needs a word count at the end No need for Sincerely or a closing   Problem 3: Needs discussion over who would support the policy Problem 1: Needs more discussion about political opposition because of budget restraints Problem 2: Needs statement that the benefits outweigh the costs of the policy

Revised Political Feasibility This policy has a medium feasibility. There will be initial opposition to this policy because of tight budgetary conditions and demands for other programs.  However, the program has a relatively small price tag and strong support from the Department of Health should be enough to allow the approval of the program especially the reports indicate the high cost of treating aids patients. (313)

For Next Class You should be done with Exercises 9.1- 9.6. Finish Chapter 10 Start 11.1 and read the first part of Chapter 11 in Policy in Action book Community Service Forms due Monday 12/4 at 12:45 in class Attend extra credit speakers to improve your Module 5 grade!