Operating System Basics Chapter 6 Operating System Basics

Operating System Basics Types of OS Functions of OS Enhancing an OS PC OS NOS (Network Operating System) Embedded OS

1. Types of Operating Systems Real-time operating system Very fast small OS Built into a device Respond quickly to user input E.g. MP3 players, Medical devices

1. Types of Operating Systems Single user/Single tasking OS One user works on the system Performs one task at a time Take up little space on disk Run on inexpensive computers E.g. MS-DOS and Palm OS

1. Types of Operating Systems Single user/Multitasking OS User performs many tasks at once Most common form of OS Windows XP and OS X Require expensive computers Teaching tip It is true that multi-tasking operating systems are complex. However both XP and OS X make the multitasking process painless for the user.

1. Types of Operating Systems Multi user/Multitasking OS Many users connect to one computer Each user has a unique session Windows 2003/2008 Server, UNIX, Linux Requires a powerful computer Teaching tip Multi-user Multitasking OS's are found on supercomputers, mainframes and minicomputers. Through Linux, a PC can also support user sessions and terminal connections.

Multi user/Multi tasking OS

2. Functions of Operating Systems Provide a user interface (GUI, CLI) Run programs MS. Word, MS. PowerPoint, Photoshop, … Manage hardware devices RAM, Hard disk, … Organized file storage File names e.g. a file name can’t contain “/” … Teaching Tip File and folder storage is covered in chapter 6.

A. Providing a User Interface Graphical user interface (GUI) Uses a mouse to control objects Uses a desktop Shortcuts open programs or documents Task switching (From MS.Word to Excel)

A. Providing a User Interface Command line interfaces Older interface DOS, Linux, UNIX User types commands at a prompt Commands – keywords (e.g. dir, md, … ) User must remember all commands Teaching tip Demonstrate the command line interface in Windows by running cmd. In the command line interface use ping and ipconfig as commands that cannot be run in the GUI.

3. Enhancing an OS Utilities Backup software system software designed to help analyze, optimize or maintain a computer E.g. Disk Cleanup, Firewall, anti-virus … Backup software Archives files onto removable media Most OS include a backup package Discussion point With Windows XP and SP2, Microsoft has included a firewall and pop-up blocker both typically considered utility software. In the near future, the core services provided by an OS may include security features.

3. Enhancing an OS Anti-virus software Crucial utility Finds, blocks and removes viruses Must be updated regularly McAfee, Bitdefender, Norton Anti-Virus, …

3. Enhancing an OS Firewall Crucial utility Protects your computer from intruders Makes computer invisible to hackers E.g. Zone Labs , CISCO Firewall Teaching tip Windows XP includes a firewall. Service pack 2 will turn this firewall on by default. To test your computer’s security visit www.grc.com and run the various Shields Up! tests Intruders – s/o who enters illegally

3. Enhancing an OS Screen savers Crucial utility for command line systems Prevents burn in Merely fun for GUI systems

11-Jan-2016 desktop OS market share. (Credit: netmarketshare.com) 4. PC Operating Systems Microsoft Windows is the most popular 11-Jan-2016 desktop OS market share. (Credit: netmarketshare.com)

4. PC Operating Systems DOS Windows NT Windows 9x Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8/8.1 Windows 10 Teaching tip Students often fail to see the value in older OS or applications. As an example, a metal fabrication plant in Pittsburgh PA is still using a program written in the early 70’s that calculates metal temperatures.

DOS Application

4. PC Operating Systems UNIX Linux Very stable and fast Can cost thousands of dollars Linux Free or inexpensive version of UNIX

Linux Desktop

Macintosh operating systems 4. PC Operating Systems Macintosh operating systems OS X Very stable and easy to configure Only runs on Mac hardware Teaching tip OS X versions change often. Keep track of the most current and present this to the class. Visit www.apple.com/macosx/ to keep up to date. At press time the latest version was 10.4 Tiger.

5. Networking Operating Systems NT Server 2000 Server 2003 Server 2008 Server 2008 R2 Server 2012 Server

5. Networking Operating Systems UNIX for servers Oldest NOS in widespread use Stable secure and fast Main OS for Internet and Web Large organizations depend on UNIX Linux for servers Popular in small businesses Stable, fast and inexpensive Linux’s popularity is growing

6. Embedded Operating Systems Devices have EOS built in Cell phones, PDAs, medical equipment Stable and fast

6. Embedded Operating Systems Symbian Found in smart cell phones Games, Instant Messaging, Internet Full color display

Embedded Operating Systems iOS Android Windows Phone BlackBerry MeeGo Ubuntu