Chapter 11 NOTES

Fold a sheet of paper in quarters Fold a sheet of paper in quarters. Label each quarter with the following headings: 1. Muhammad’s Teachings 2. Muhammad’s Government 3. Islam’s Teachings 4. The Quran Come up with 5-8 facts for each section based on textbook pages 401-403.

TOPICS Pg. 374 Islam's Teachings Monotheistic Muhammad's Message Born in Mecca, Orphan, raised by an uncle Married w/children wants people to return to old ways (honor family, be fair, help poor) 610D visited by angel, tells him to spread Islam “surrendering to the will of Allah” Worship only Allah Wants a just society, wealth not a important as leading a good life, God will reward/punish on Day of Judgment Muhammad's Government Moves to Yathrib because rejected in Mecca Hijrah = “breaking off relationships. journey to Yathrib Renamed Yathrib Medinah “city of the prophet” Created Islamic state with Muhammad as leader Used government to uphold teachings of Islam Settled disputes with Islamic law Required people to be loyal to islamic state above tribes/sheiks Built army and conquered Mecca in 630AD Dies two years later Islam's Teachings Monotheistic God determines right and wrong Obey God’s laws to be blessed in afterlife Prophets: Abraham, Moses, Jesus Muhammad is prophet, not divine Quran Messages Muhammad received from Allah Allah’s written word, to be followed Be honest, treat others fairly, honor parents, give to poor Murder, lying, stealing forbidden Don’t eat pork, drink liquor, gamble Rules about family life, property, divorce, marriage, business 5 Pillars: Belief, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage Sunna are customs based on Muhammad’s teachings

Muhammed Born in Mecca, Orphan, raised by an uncle Married w/children wants people to honor family, be fair, help poor 610D visited by angel - told him to spread Islam Islam means “surrendering to the will of Allah” Wanted a just society wealth not a important as leading a good life God will reward/punish on Day of Judgment

Islam's Teachings A. Monotheistic B. God determines right and wrong C Islam's Teachings A. Monotheistic B. God determines right and wrong C. Obey God’s laws = blessed in afterlife D. Prophets: Abraham, Moses, Jesus E. Muhammad is prophet, not divine

Quran A. Messages Muhammad received from Allah B Quran A. Messages Muhammad received from Allah B. Allah’s written word, to be followed 1. Be honest, treat others fairly, honor parents, give to poor 2. Murder, lying, stealing forbidden 3. Don’t eat pork, drink liquor, gamble 4. Rules about family life, property, divorce, marriage, business C. 5 Pillars: Belief, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage D. Sunna are customs based on Muhammad’s teachings

I. Muhammad's Government A. Moves to Yathrib because rejected in Mecca 1. Hijrah = “breaking off relationships. journey to Yathrib 2. Renamed Yathrib Medinah “city of the prophet” 3. Created Islamic state with Muhammad as leader 4 Used government to uphold teachings of Islam B. Settled disputes with Islamic law C. Required people to be loyal to Islamic state above tribes/sheiks D. Built army and conquered Mecca in 630AD E. Dies two years later

Arabian Peninsula

Spread of Islam in N. Africa

The Spread of Islam Caliphs – Muhammad’s successors. “Messenger of God” Rightly Guided Caliphs –simple living, treat others fairly. Arab Empire expands to include all of SW Asia Umayyad Caliphs (661AD – 750AD) Moved capital to Damascus, Syria Expansion of empire: N. Africa, Spain, parts of India

Spread of Islam 2 II. Conquered Territory A. Arabs horse soldiers & swordsmen B. Martyrs go to paradise C. Religious freedom in conquered territories 1. Jews & Christians = “People of the Book” 2. Non-muslims paid special tax D. conquered territories convert to Islam 1. Arabic means language, not Arabian.

Spread of Islam 3 III. Preaching & trade A. Sufis – Islamic missionaries/monks won many followers B. Arab merchants 1. trading posts in SE Asia & taught Islam aa. Example: Indonesia 2. THROUGH TRADE Timbuktu (W Africa) becomes Islamic center of learning

Islam Splits Shiites –Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali should succeed him. Umayyad Caliphs have no right to rule Sunni – follow Umayyad dynasty Outnumber Shiites 2 groups develop different practices

Collapse of Arabian/Muslim Empire Moguls – Warriors from N. India conquer Arabs Ottomans – Ruled by Ossman built Ottoman-Turk Empire in 1200s Defeat Byzantines and conquer Asia Minor (Turkey), Syria, Egypt, Palestine, Mesopotamia

Muslim Achievements Caliph Mamun – founded center for learning – House of Wisdom in Baghdad. Adopted 0-9 from Hindus “Arabic numerals” Chemist al Razi – invented “20 questions” - classifications: animal, vegetable, or mineral Doctor Ibn Sina showed how disease spreads from person to person.