Presents Sonomicrometry: basic principles

Basic Principles Theory of Operation Construction of a crystal Types of crystals available Signals: direction and function Calculation of distance Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Crystal placement Representative data

Construction of a crystal Theory of Operation Construction of a crystal Epoxy covers the head Head diameter: - 2mm - 1mm - 0.7 mm Wire : copper

Theory of Operation Construction of a crystal Epoxy covers the head Head diameter: - 2mm - 1mm - 0.7 mm Wire : Stainless steel

Theory of Operation Construction of a crystal Epoxy covers the head Head diameter: - 2mm - 1mm - 0.7 mm Wire covered by Silastic tubing for chronic studies

Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transmitter Receiver Crystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signal transmitter Receiver

Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Receiver Crystal #1 sends a sound wave …crystal #2 receives signal Receiver Transmitter Crystal #2 sends a sound wave …crystal #1 receives signal

Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Receiver Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 1.5 mm Time of flight 1 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 3 mm Time of flight 2 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 4.5 mm Time of flight 3 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 6 mm Time of flight 4 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 7.5 mm Time of flight 5 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 9 mm Time of flight 6 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 9.5 mm Time of flight 7 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 11 mm Time of flight 8 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 12.5 mm mm Time of flight 9 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 14 mm Time of flight 10 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 15.5 mm Time of flight 11 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 17.5 mm Time of flight 12 sec

Time of flight  distance = v * T Theory of Operation Piezo electric transducers: transceiver: Time of flight  distance = v * T v = 1540 m/sec Receiver transmitter Distance = 17.5 mm Time of flight 12 sec

Theory of Operation Ultrasonic pulses propagate in all directions No crystal alignment required 1 Ability to network with all others in array 2 6 5 3 4

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle base posterior anterior wall thickness segment shortening apex

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume base septum anterior septal LV RV posterior free wall anterior free wall posterior apex

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume ED base ES Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Wall thickness Segment shortening 15 apex 10 Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume t Left ventricle Volume ED base ES Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 10 apex

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume ED base ES Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 10 apex Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume ED base ES Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 10 apex Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 15 10 10 apex Time Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 15 15 10 10 10 apex Time Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) Wall thickness Segment shortening 15 apex 10 Time Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 15 15 10 10 10 apex Time Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 15 10 10 apex Time Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 15 10 10 apex Time Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 15 10 10 apex Time Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) wall thickness segment shortening 15 15 10 10 apex Time Time

Sample Application – Ventricular Volume Left ventricle Volume Volume ED base ES Wall thickness Wall thickness posterior anterior Distance (mm) Distance (mm) Wall thickness Segment shortening 15 15 15 apex 10 10 Time Time