Chapter 1 Introduction to Energy Economics Part A

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1 Introduction to Energy Economics Part A Peter Schwarz, Professor of Economics and Associate, Energy Production and Infrastructure Center (EPIC), University of North Carolina Charlotte

Chapter 1 Outline I. Why Energy Economics? II. Energy Indispensable to Modern Life III. Key Energy Issues IV. Economic Approach V. A Roadmap of 12

Why Energy Economics? (1) In the beginning… 1973 Middle East oil embargo Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) gains control Nationalization 1979 Second oil price shock of 12

Why Energy Economics? (2) To the Present 2001 September 11 terrorist attacks 2008 China and India increase demand 2014 June - $100 oil the new normal? 2016 Price falls below $30 a barrel and then rebounds above $50 Where are we today? of 12

Why Energy Economics? (3) Source: Energy Information Administration, “What Drives Crude Oil Prices?” January 2015. http://www.eia.gov/finance/markets/spot_prices.cfm of 12

Why Energy Economics? (4) Drivers Supply OPEC Non-OPEC U.S. hydraulic fracturing (“Fracking”) Demand Stagflation, Recession Growth China, India Speculators Value of Dollar of 12

Why Energy Economics? (5) Related Fields Environmental Economics Natural Resource Economics Ecological Economics of 12

Energy Indispensable to Modern Life (1) Energy Intensity Ratio of Energy/Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Energy price has smaller impact on economy than in 1970s. of 12

Energy Indispensable to Modern Life (2) Fuels for Transportation Electricity Buildings of 12

Energy Indispensable to Modern Life (3) Fuels for Transportation Motor vehicles Primary use of oil Cleaner alternatives Hybrids Electric vehicles (EVs) Mass transit of 12

Energy Indispensable to Modern Life (4) Electricity Flip-the-switch service Blackouts and brownouts in India, African countries. Sources Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear Hydro Alternatives Wind, Solar, Energy Efficiency Pollution of 12

Energy Indispensable to Modern Life (5) Buildings By some measures, largest energy user Long replacement cycle Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum Program designed by architects, not economists ENERGY STAR Saves at least 15% energy compared to conventional appliances Neither LEED nor ENERGY STAR is necessarily economically efficient. of 12