Understanding the Gender Gap: What We Can Do Today to Close the Gap! March 30, 2017 Fatma Abdel-Raouf Pat Buhler

The Gaps Pay Leadership

The State of the Gap The problem isn’t going away . . . . 118 years to close the gap! http://www.intelligentinsurer.com/article/closing-the-gaps

A Picture of the Gap AAUW report http://history.aauw.org/aauw-research/1991-shortchanging-girls

The Progress of the Gap The times they are a changin’ . . . . - NOT! http://chordstabslyrics.com/album/bob-dylan/the-times-they-are-a-changin

The Bottom Line Women underestimate their abilities A self-perpetuating cycle http://kristiholl.net/writers-blog/2013/08/new-twist-on-the-thought-feeling-behavior-writing-cycle/

The Pipeline to the C-Suite http://www.womenonbusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/gender-gap-business-leadership-imbalance-pm.jp

The Irony of the Pipeline The pipeline is larger No short supply https://www.google.com/search?site=&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1920&bih=963&q=leadership+gap&oq=leadership+gap&gs_l=img.12..0j0i30k1j0i24k1l7.2385.4516.0.7273.14.12.0.2.2.0.96.946.12.12.0....0...1ac.1 .64.img..0.14.971...0i8i30k1.pDHQqrZgTNc#tbm=isch&q=funnel&imgrc=layv-v-Evwh72M%3A

The Story is in the Numbers . . . https://gencodegenes.wordpress.com/index/colourful-preschool-numbers/

The Gender Pay Gap: Is it Education?

The Gender Pay Gap: Why So Many Numbers?

The Gender Pay Gap: Why So Many Numbers? 2015 Definition of income used 16 years and older 25 years and older Median annual earnings 79.6% 79.7% Median weekly earnings 81.1% 80.4% Median hourly earnings, paid hourly rates 85.6% 87.8%

Female/Male Earnings Ratio Over Time: Where is the Progress? 1979 - 1993: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ for 15 years, from 62% in 1979 to 77% in 1993. 1994 – 1997: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ from 76% in 1994 to 74.5% in 1997. 1998 – 2005: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ from 76% in 1998 to 81% in 2005. 2015: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ to 81%.

Widening the Gender Pay Gap: The Impact of the Wage Growth Rate: Time Period F/M Earnings growth rate ratio F/M Earnings ratio 1980 - 1993 Females' earnings grew at a faster rate than males in every single year F/M earnings ratio increased in every single year 1998 - 2000 2002 - 2005 2009 - 2011 2013 - 2014 1994 - 1997 Males' earnings grew at a faster rate than females in every single year F/M earnings ratio decreased in every single year 2001 2006 -2008 2012 2015 Source: Google Image

Widening the Gender Pay Gap: The Impact of the Wage Growth Rate:

How wide-spread is the gender pay gap? Source: Google Image

Gender Pay Gap by Race:

Gender Pay Gap by Race: 81% 74% 67% 69% 62% 123% 95% % of White Males, 2015 White Female 81% Black Male 74% Black Female 67% Hispanic Male 69% Hispanic Female 62% Asian Male 123% Asian Female 95% Source: Google Image

Gender Pay Gap by Age Group:

Gender Pay Gap by Marital Status:

Gender Pay Gap by Educational Attainment:

The Gender Pay Gap in Management Jobs: Source: Google Image

General and Operations Managers: Source: Google Image

Marketing and Sales Managers: Source: Google Image

Financial Managers Human Resources Managers

The Female/Male Earnings Ratio in Professional Jobs:

The Female/Male Employment Ratio in Professional Jobs:

The Female/Male Earnings Ratio in Education:

The Female/Male Employment Ratio in Education:

The Female/Male Earnings Ratio in Medical Jobs:

The Female/Male Employment Ratio in Medical Jobs:

Gender Pay Gap and Income Distribution: Source: EPI 2016. The xth-percentile is the wage at which x% of wage earners earn less and (100-x)% earn more.

Gender Pay Gap by States: IWPR Report: 2014 Top and Bottom 10 States, F/M Earnings Ratio

How Much Money are Women Losing Over their Working Life Due to Gender Pay Inequality? 2014, $10,762 x 40 years of work = a whopping $430,480 of losses!

Top and Bottom 5 States for Women’s Losses Over Their Working Life, 2014: Source: http://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Lifetime-wage-gap-2015.pdf

Women's Losses Over their Working Life, 2014 Source: Google Image Source: http://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Lifetime-wage-gap-2015.pdf

2015 Poverty Rates and Gender Gap:

Gender Pay Gap and Poverty: IWPR Report

Gender Pay Gap and Poverty: IWPR Report

Gender Pay Gap and Economic Growth: IWPR Report

Gender Pay Gap and Economic Growth: It adds up! A report by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) Closing the gender gap can grow the U.S. Economy by $2.1 trillion in GDP by 2025. Every state and city in the U.S. can add at least 5% to their GDP. 1/2 of the U.S. states can add > 10% to their GDP and the 50 largest cities can add 6 – 13%.

Gender Gap and Company’s Profits: Return on Equity (ROE): Companies with the highest % of women board of directors (WBD) outperformed those with the least WBD by 53%. Return on Sales (ROS): Companies with the highest % of WBD outperformed those with the least WBD by 42%. Return on Invested Capital (ROIC): Companies with the highest % of WBD outperformed those with the least by 66%. Source: Catalyst’s Report “The Bottom Line: Corporate Performance and Women’s Representation on Boards.” 2007.

Is Three a Charm? ROE: 16.7% vs. average of 11.5% Catalyst’s report, companies with three or more WBD have : ROE: 16.7% vs. average of 11.5% ROS: 16.8% vs. average of 11.5% ROIC: 10% vs. average of 6.2%

F/M Earnings Ratio By Education in Wilmington, DE in 2014

Women's Losses Over Their Working Life By Education in Wilmington, DE in 2014 Source: Google Image

Gender Pay Gap Calculator Developed by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI): Epi.org/paygapcalc Gender Pay Gap Calculator

Gender Bias: Women get interrupted more often than men. Women are asked more challenging questions than men. Women’s statements are questioned more often than men’s.

Digital Fluency Rate and Gender Pay Equality: Developed Countries: (2015 Start) Current Technology (status quo): 50 years to achieve gender pay equality, by 2065. Doubling the digital fluency rate: 25 years to achieve gender pay equality, by 2040. 25 years Faster! Developing Countries: (2015 Start) Current Technology (status quo): 85 years to achieve gender pay equality, by 2100. Doubling the digital fluency rate: 45 years to achieve gender pay equality, by 2060. 40 years Faster!

The Call to Action Raise awareness Promote transparency Offer coaching http://blog.bluefrogdm.com/Blog/bid/311729/7-Techniques-for-an-Effective-Call-to-Action

The Call to Action: Raise Awareness 70 vs. 12 (McKinsey) Track metrics Set gender targets Assess organizational attitudes http://www.intelligentinsurer.com/article/closing-the-gaps

The Call to Action: Promote Transparency Permission and confidence “Salary negotiable” in ads Process for pay determination https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/whats-usually-negotiable-job-offer-freeman-bs-che-ms-chem-mba

The Call to Action: Offer Coaching Mentors Provide male sponsorships Negotiation workshops http://www.intelligentinsurer.com/article/closing-the-gaps

The State of the Gap and You https://www.google.com/search?site=&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1920&bih=963&q=leadership+gap&oq=leadership+gap&gs_l=img.12..0j0i30k1j0i24k1l7.2385.4516.0.7273.14.12.0.2.2.0.96.946.12.12.0....0...1ac.1.64.img..0.14.971...0i8i30k1.pDHQqrZgTNc#tbm=isch&q=question+mark&imgrc=qLzECfRcXTDE2M%3A http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/03/08/canada-gender-pay-gap_n_9393924.html

The State of the Gap and You: Recommendations Beware of “benevolent biases” Manage that impression pQvtpycvg#tbm=isch&q=posoned+apple&imgrc=obMRDYBEOx8K5M%3A https://www.google.com/search?site=&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1920&bih=963&q=goldilocks&oq=Goldilocks&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.4481.6992.0.9362.10.6.0.4.4.0.117.489.5j1.6.0....0...1ac.1.64.img..0.10.548.Ds

The State of the Gap and You: Recommendations Inventory attitudes: Grit Positive attitude Growth mindset Humor https://www.google.com/search?site=&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1920&bih=963&q=leadership+gap&oq=leadership+gap&gs_l=img.12..0j0i30k1j0i24k1l7.2385.4516.0.7273.14.12.0.2.2.0.96.946.12.12.0....0...1ac.1. 64.img..0.14.971...0i8i30k1.pDHQqrZgTNc#imgrc=5KiTQhfrdg8XDM%3A

The State of the Gap and You: Recommendations Use space Think about language https://www.google.com/search?site=&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1920&bih=963&q=goldilocks&oq=Goldilocks&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.4481.6992.0.9362.10.6.0.4.4.0.117.489.5j1.6.0....0...1ac.1.64.img..0.10.548.DspQvtpycvg#tbm=isch&q=expansive+body+language&imgrc=-sR-4VhT0L4NyM%3A

The State of the Gap and You: Recommendations Say no Self promote Review recommendation letters Qtpycvg#tbm=isch&q=letters+of+recommendation&imgrc=jv8uDddbWHYu3M%3A

Thank you! raouff@gbc.edu buhlerp@gbc.edu