Chapter 12 Section 1 colonial rule in southeast Asia Grace Rihs, Maggie Williams, richie kaminski, alison scaletta & kunjal patel

France conquers Had missionaries operating in Vietnam when the British advanced into Burma Was alarmed that Britain was trying to monopolize trade To prevent this from occurring, France forced Vietnam to allow French protection France continued to seize control of Vietnam France seized Vietnam’s capital in 1883

Great Britain conquers Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was sent to find a new colony at the tip of Malay Peninsula This place is known as Singapore, a major steamship trading post Great Britain took over Burma to keep control/protect their own possessions in India By taking over Burma, GB established control over the entire country (modern day Myanmar)

United states conquers Conquered the Philippines from Spanish during the Spanish American War Turned into an American colony because it would prevent the area from falling under Japanese rule Philippines gave the US convenient access to trade with China

Thailand remains a free state Thailand was in immediate danger of falling into colonial rule due to the French and British rivalry that spread the new ideas of colonial rule surrounding Thailand. King Mongkut and his son, King Chulalongkorn, managed to keep Thailand’s economy as it was due to the friendly relationships they had with European powers. Finally, in 1896, Britain and France agreed to keep Thailand as an Independent Buffer State.

Colonial powers govern their colonies Direct and indirect rule Goals: to exploit the natural resources of the lands and to open up market for their own manufactured goods

Indirect vs. direct rule Indirect Rule- local rulers were allowed to keep authority and status in new colonial setting -made access to region’s natural resources easier -cheaper because fewer officials had to be trained -affected local culture less -not always possible because local elites resisted foreign conquest Direct Rule: local rulers were replaced with Western Officials Both indirect and direct can be used----France did in Indonesia

Role of the colonized economies Colonial Policy- a policy of enslavement and exploitation through the military, political, and economic coercion of peoples, countries, and territories—primarily economically less developed ones with populations of another nationality than that of the metropolitan country. Stressed the exports of raw materials Led to start of plantation agriculture Conditions were just as bad as the prior sweat shops ** Benefited industrialized nations because the governments built railroads, highways, and other structures that helped the natives! **

Ways people of southeast Asia responded to colonial rule Many resented colonization In Burma, the monarch himself fought Western domination. Sometimes resistance to Western control took the form of peasant revolts. In Burma, the Buddhist monk Saya San led a peasant uprising against the British colonial regime in 1930. In the early 1900’s, a new resistance merged that was based on Nationalism. Leaders were often from a new class that the colonial rule had created: Westernized intellectuals in the cities. They were the first to embrace the West. In the 1930’s, the resistance movements began to demand national independence.

similarities of all the nationalist leaders in the 1900’s that spoke out against foreign rule to preserve economic and religious freedoms In the West, a small group of antiimperialists emerged----some argued that colonialism was a tool of the rich, others called it immoral Nationalists argued that they were moving toward greater democracy at home, but were imposing undemocratic rule on other people

”New imperialism” It is the concept of European nations taking control of Southeast Asian territories. Its primary purpose is to expand the mother country’s economy and to advance against their rivals, or in other words, look strong and superior against other competitive nations