Towards a European Strategy for Nanotechnology Communication from the Commission COM (2004) 338 Document can be downloaded from: http://www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology Please provide your comments to: rtd-nano-strategy@cec.eu.int Disclaimer: Note that these slides are not legally binding and do not represent any commitment on behalf of the European Commission

Outline What is nanotechnology? Why is nanotechnology important? Worldwide R&D activities in nanotechnology Towards a European Strategy Response to the Proposed Strategy FP7 and Technological Platforms Future Steps

What is nanotechnology? 10 -9 What is nanotechnology?

What is nanotechnology? Originating from the Greek word for dwarf, “nano” signifies 10-9 (=0.000000001) i.e. one billionth e.g. of a metre, of a gram, etc At the nano dimension, scientific principles and properties are observed that are not normally seen e.g. quantum effects Such principles and properties can be used to develop materials and processes with novel functions and performance Potential recognised in the 1959 speech by Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”

What is nanotechnology? “Nanotechnology” first introduced in 1971 by Norio Taniguchi as a term for ultra precision machining Breakthrough with the invention of the Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM) by Binnig and Rohrer in 1981 IBM researchers later famously “wrote” using Xenon atoms Fullerenes (C60) were discovered in 1986 by Curl, Kroto and Smalley

Why is nanotechnology important?

Nanotechnology Applications Expected to impact upon virtually all technological sectors as an “enabling” or “key” technology Sectors include: Medicine and health Information technology Energy production and storage Materials science Food, water and the environment Instruments Security

Why is nanotechnology important for industry? Analysts estimate that the market for products based on nanotechnology could rise to hundreds of billion by 2010 and exceed one trillion after Source: Various

Nano-Manufacturing Top-down approach Bottom-up approach MACRO mm MICRO m NANO nm Top-down approach precision engineering microelectronics lithography deposition Interdisciplinarity Bottom-up approach designer molecules chemical synthesis SPM manipulation self-assembly

How to ensure that nanotechnology is safe? Applications of nanotechnology must ensure a high level of public health, safety, consumer and environmental protection. Any risks must be addressed upfront and as an integral part of the R&D process. Specific toxicological studies for e.g. nanoparticles are underway at EU and national level.

Worldwide Activities in Nanotechnology R&D

Public expenditure ( 1M€ = 1M$ ) Rapid Growth of Interest in Nanotechnology R&D Public expenditure in nanotechnology is growing by ~40% annually to around 3.5 billion €/$ in 2003. FP6 (EU) NNI (USA) Public expenditure ( 1M€ = 1M$ ) Source: European Commission (2003)

European Activities in Nanotechnology R&D Several countries started national nanotechnology between the mid-1980’s and mid-1990’s Overall investment of around 200 million € in 1997 has risen to around 1000 million € in 2003 Levels of public investment vary considerably between 0.05 and 5.6 € per citizen in 2003 Transnational projects in the EU’s 4th (~30M€/year) and 5th (~45M€/year) Framework Programmes Nanotechnology identified as a main priority area in the 6th Framework Programme (~250M€/year)

Public expenditure ( M € ) European Activities in Nanotechnology R&D Absolute public investment in Europe during 2003 Public expenditure ( M € ) Source: European Commission (2003)

Worldwide Activities in Nanotechnology R&D USA’s National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) launched in 2000 and public investment increased from $220 to $750 million in 2003. 21st Century Nanotechnology Budget signed in 2003 and budget for 2005 set for $1000 million Japan identified nanotechnology as a priority with $800 million in 2003 and set to rise by 20% in 2004 South Korea and China have nanotechnology programme with $100-200 million each year Many other countries active in nanotechnology

Public expenditure ( 1M€ = 1M$ ) Worldwide Activities in Nanotechnology R&D Absolute public expenditure during 2003 (1€ = 1$) Public expenditure ( 1M€ = 1M$ ) Source: European Commission (2003)

Public expenditure ( M$ ) Worldwide Activities in Nanotechnology R&D Public expenditure ( M$ ) Note that the purchasing power can vary widely Source: European Commission (2003)

Source: European Commission (2003) Worldwide Activities in Nanotechnology R&D Per capita public expenditure during 2003 (1€ = 1$) Top 15 Performers Only Public expenditure ( € or $ / per capita ) Source: European Commission (2003)

Source: European Commission (2003) Worldwide Publications in Nanotechnology 1997-99 Europe has a strong knowledge-base Asia and Russia showing growth Source: European Commission (2003)

Worldwide Patents in Nanotechnology Europe’s strength in knowledge does not appear to be seen in terms of patents Similar trend seen when seen in terms of start-up and spin-off companies… (EPO and WIPO data only) Source: European Commission (2003)

Source: CEA, Bureau d’Etude Marketing Start-up Companies in Nanotechnology (1997-2002) Source: CEA, Bureau d’Etude Marketing

Where do we stand in Europe? Enjoys a strong position in terms of producing knowledge in nanotechnology (e.g. publications) Weaker in transforming this knowledge into products and services (e.g. patents, start-ups) Europe already has a commercial deficit for high-tech products of around €23 billion per year Few “centres of excellence” on the scale of those being developed in other regions e.g. the USA Lower level of private R&D funding from industry in comparison to e.g. the USA and Japan

Is there a European Strategy for Nanotechnology?

Evolution of the Commission Communication Ad-hoc expert group meetings convened in 2003 to establish to status of nanotechnology in Europe EuroNanoForum meeting held in 2003 with over 1000 participants where an integrated approach was endorsed Communication drafted by the Directorate General (DG) for Research and agreed with 16 other DGs Adopted on the 12th May with reference COM (2004) 338

An integrated and responsible approach Nanotechnology requires action on several fronts Research and Development Societal Issues Infrastructure Human Resources Industrial Innovation International Cooperation Health, safety, environmental and consumer protection

R&D: Building the Momentum European public investment in nanotechnology R&D should increase by a factor of 3 by 2010 Focus upon transforming our knowledge into wealth generating products and processes Reinforce the next FP for added-value via critical mass, transnational collaboration and competition Effective coordination of national programmes with both OMC and ERA-NET mechanisms Bring public and private stakeholders together to strengthen roadmap and foresighting activities

Infrastructure: European “Poles of Excellence” Europe needs a coherent system of infrastructure for R&D in nanotechnology Measures needed to maximise the added-value of existing infrastructure, in particular, to help SMEs Existing infrastructure should be examined and mapped to identify most urgent needs Where needed, dedicated Europe nanotechnology infrastructure with critical mass should be built All financing mechanisms should be explored e.g. European Investment Bank, Structural Funds, etc

Investing in Human Resources Identify the educational needs of nanotechnology and provide examples of best practice Encourage the definition and implementation of new courses and curricula for nanotechnology Promote the integration of complementary skills into research training e.g. entrepreneurship Explore the possibility of dedicated Marie Curie calls for proposals in nanotechnology Create a “European award in nanotechnology” to encourage young researchers

Industrial Innovation: Knowledge to Technology Promote conditions that encourage investment in nanotechnology R&D by industry Investigate the prospects and conditions for the optimal industrial exploitation of nanotechnologies Invites the European Investment Bank and other institutions to strengthen the capital base for R&D Encourages closer cooperation between patent offices towards a more efficient patenting system Invites Member States to review existing regulation and consider specificities of nanotechnology Boost and coordinate actions in metrology, standards and norms

Integrating the Societal Dimension Due attention should be paid to the integrating societal aspects into nanotechnology R&D Europe should pursue an open and proactive approach to governance in nanotechnology R&D A dialogue with EU citizens and consumers should be encouraged to promote informed judgement The Commission reaffirms its commitment to ethical principles The responsible and transparent development of nanotechnology is essential for public confidence

Public Health, Safety, Environmental and Consumer Protection A high level of public health, safety, environmental and consumer protection requires: Identification of safety concerns (both real and perceived) and action at the earliest stage Toxicological and ecotoxicological data and evaluation of human/environmental exposure Adjustment, if necessary, of risk assessment procedures for issues of nanotechnology Integration of risk assessment at all stages of the life cycle of the technology

A Further Step: International Cooperation Encourage international debate on issues such as public health, safety, environment, consumer protection, risk assessment, metrology, norms Provide access to knowledge to economically less developed countries to contribute towards the prevention of any “knowledge apartheid” Promote the monitoring and sharing of information related to the scientific, technological, economical and social development of nanotechnology Define an international “code of good conduct” for the responsible development of nanotechnology

Political Response to the Proposed Strategy Estimate that around 10,000 copies have been accessed from our webpages Discussed in the European Council and conclusions adopted on 24 September Proposed integrated and responsible strategy has been welcomed Discussed on two occasions by the Economic and Social Committee (opinion expected later this year)

Public Response to the Proposed Strategy Open consultation launched at the end of July and runs until 15th October Contributions via website (www.nanoforum.org) and on-line questionnaire Over 750 responses from 41 countries with support for more EU-level action An opportunity for stakeholders to express their views and help shape future initiatives!

Discussion of the Seventh Framework Programme has started: Proposed Axes Collaborative research Basic research, competitive funding Technology initiatives Human resources Research infrastructures Coordination of national programmes 6 axes new http://www.cordis.lu/era/fp7.htm

Technology Platforms Bringing the main public and private stakeholders to address major technological challenges Key concepts are: Development of a shared long-term vision (e.g. “Vision 2020”); Creation of a coherent, dynamic strategy to achieve this vision; Leading role of industry but should include stakeholders (research, financial, users and civil society) http://www.cordis.lu/technology-platforms/

European Nanoelectronics Initiative Advisory Council Bringing the main public and private stakeholders to address major technological challenges Vision 2020 document issued by ENIAC high-level group on 29 June 2004 Key recommendation of the high level group is the creation of a Technology Platform Strategic research agenda is being developed Possible initiative planned for nanomedicine…. Credit © European Community, 2004

NanoMedicine Possible Technological Platform for Nanomedicine Nanomedicine is undergoing rapid technological development and is in high social demand Huge industrial and market potential but financing crucial for convincing ideas Lack of coordination of ongoing R&D initiatives at private and public level Need for a Technological Platform with common vision and R&D agenda Proposed R&D topics are regenerative medicine, nanodiagnostics and targeted drug delivery / release Credit © European Community, 2004 NanoMedicine

Future Steps Analyse and publish results from the open consultation (November 2004) Publication of the final call for proposals in NMP programme under FP6 (End 2004) Issue action plan on nanotechnologies taking into account all discussions (Expected early 2005) Proposal for FP7 and extended impact assessment (Expected early 2005) Decision and launch of FP7

Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention! Full text of the Communication and information on nanotechnology in Europe can be downloaded from: http://www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology Please provide your comments: rtd-nano-strategy@cec.eu.int Other nanotechnology information also from: