Chapter 17 Section 4: The Reformation Continues

Setting the Stage Christian reformers began new PROTESTANT churches in much of Central Europe. *Protestant - all Christians who are not Catholic Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Church of Christ, Pentacostal *Major and immediate effect of the Reformation was a decline in religious unity and in the power of the Catholic Church

Calvin Begins Another Protestant Church In 1541, Calvin set up a theocracy in Geneva. Theocracy - government run by Church leaders Calvin published book called “Institute of the Christian Religion”

Calvin and His Teachings Calvin taught the following: Mankind is sinful by nature. Salvation can NOT be earned God has “Pre – Destined” who would be saved *Predestination - God determines the fate of every person These teachings were the basis for a new religion: CALVINISM

Calvin Runs Geneva, Switzerland In 1540’s John Calvin was invited to run the city of Geneva along with his followers established strict rules. Stressed hard work, disciple, honesty, and morality Banned swearing, dancing, provocative dress, and fighting Prohibited drinking and gambling Encouraged Christian education Education was for boys and girls Women could read the Bible at home and sing in Church

Calvinism Spreads By the 1500’s, Calvinism had taken root in Germany, France, the Netherlands, England and Scotland. In Scotland John Knox spread the Calvinist faith Church community was guided by Elders or Presbyters Presbyterians were followers of John Knox

Other Reformers Various Christian groups began to interpret the BIBLE since it was believed that the Bible was the source of all truth. Many new Protestant groups formed based on their differences in belief.

The Anabaptists Anabaptists started in Switzerland and the Netherlands (Flanders) Anabaptists beliefs Separation of Church and State Against swearing an oath to any earthly ruler or service in the army. Hated ritual and believed in personal faith as the means for salvation Anabaptists believed that ONLY adults could decide to be baptized and were against infant baptism. Both Catholic and Protestants persecuted them.

The Catholic Reformation/Counter Reformation Protestant Churches won many followers, yet millions remained true to the Roman Catholic Church A religious movement to reform the Catholic Church was instituted called the CATHOLIC REFORMATION/COUNTER REFORMATION Main Goals *Reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church Eliminate Church Abuses Reestablish Pope’s Authority Stop the loss of any more believers

Ignatius of Loyola Ignatius of Loyola founded a new society to Spread the Catholic faith through missionary work Strengthen Catholicism in Southern Germany and Eastern Europe Rise of Catholic Schools *Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits.

Reforming Popes Pope Paul II took major steps in reforms of the Church Directed a council of cardinals to investigate indulgence selling and other church abuses. Approved the Jesuit order Used the Inquisition to seek out and punish heresy Called a great council of Church leaders to meet in Trent to agree on several doctrines (Council of Trent) *The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final Christians need faith and good works for salvation The Bible and Church teachings were equally powerful authorities in Christian life Indulgences were a valid expression of faith, but false selling of indulgences were band.

Legacy of the Reformation End of religious unity in Europe Founding of many new religious faiths Strengthening of monarchs over church authority in some areas in Europe Wide spread literacy and parochial schools Middle class continues to gain power through Protestant virtues Increased hatred for the Jews (Anti-Semitism) across Europe *Luther’s 95 Theses, Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy” and John Calvin’s “Institutes of Christian Religion” contributed to the decline of the Catholic Church

HINT: You MUST be able to locate the predominate religions in Europe during the 1500, as found in book, page 434. ANGLICAN LUTHERAN EASTERN ORTHODOX CATHOLIC MUSLIM

Quick Review In Western Europe, a major and immediate effect of the Reformation was a decline in what? What was one of John Calvin’s beliefs that stated that God determines everyone’s fate? In the Council of Trent, what did they determine about the Bible? Who was responsible for the creation of the religious order known as the Jesuits? Martin Luther’s “95 Theses”, Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy” and John Calvin’s “Institutes of Christian Religion” contributed to what? The major goal of the Counter Reformation was?