Urban Models and Hierarchies AP Human Geography Cities and Urban Land Use Unit
For today, 04/27 Urban Model….get it? Summon thy winds of thee note-tays – we are discussing Urban Models and Hierarchies today (this means take out your notes). Pick up a packet as well. Chapter 13 Quiz & Vocab and Map Exam is tomorrow. You will not be able to use notes on EITHER of them. Unit Exam is this Thursday, 04/30.
Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model Ernest Burgess Based his city model on 1920's Chicago * In this model, the city grows out from the CBD in a ring pattern
Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model * City is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve * Some activities are attracted to particular nodes while others avoid them * Ex: Airport=hotels & warehouses * Ex: University=well- educated residents, book stores and pizza joints
Hoyt’s Sector Model * City grows in a series of sectors * Certain areas are more attractive to certain activities, by environmental factors, or by chance * As a city grows, activities expand in sectors out from the CBD * Industrial and retailing are in sectors by good transportation lines.
Galactic City Model (Urban Realms) * Created by James E. Vance Jr., in the 1960s * Shows the spatial components of a modern metropolis * Each "realm" of the model is separate and used for a different purpose, but are linked together to make one large, fluid city * City modeled by this is automobile- dependent, which enables it to be as large as necessary for that city's purposes.
Latin America
Southeast Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
UK vs. US
Borchert’s Epochs of Urban Development Generalization of the growth of US urban systems that occurred in 5 stages: Stage 1: Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830) Stage 2: Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870) Stage 3: Steel-Rail Epoch (1870-1920) Stage 4: Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-1970) Stage 5: Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch (1970-?)
Rank-Size Rule * The n th-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. * In other words, 2nd largest is 1/2 the size of largest. * Works best in most developed countries that have full distribution of services.
Primate City Rule Paris, France * Largest settlement in a country has more than twice the number as the second ranking city. * These cities tend to represent the perceived culture of the country. * Positives: large market with high order goods, enhanced flow of info & tech * Negatives: unequal investment, wealth, and power; brain drain, prevents equal accessibility to all regions * Most prevalent in LDCs London, UK
The Gravity Model * GM predicts location of a service is: (1.) Directly related to population - higher population = more potential customers (2.) Inversely related to range - farther away = less likely to use * Can also be used to anticipate the traffic between two places, the number of telephone calls, the transportation of goods and mail