If the auto industry had keep with technology like the computer industry... ...we would all be driving $25 cars that get 1000 miles per gallon.

This is true, but… - Your car would crash twice a day - Every time a road is repair, you would have to buy a new car - The airbag systems would say, “Are you sure?” before going off - When your car died on the freeway for no reason, you would just accept this, restart, and drive on

History of the Internet 1956 - USSR launches Sputnik (Earth satellite) - US forms Advance Research Project Agency 1969 - ARPANET commissioned by DOD for research in networking 1971 - 15 nodes (23 hosts) UCLA, SRI, UCSB, U of Utah, BBN, MIT, SDC RAND, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU, CWRU, CMU, NASA 1973 - First international connections for ARPANET: England & Norway. - Bob Metcalfe's Ph.D. dissertation at Harvard: Ethernet 1977 - Electronic Mail to over 100 researchers 1981 - BITNET: electronic mail & listserv servers 1982 - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) established.

History of the Internet (continuation) 1983 - ARPANET split into ARPANET and MILNET. - Berkeley Unix + TCP/IP for desktop stations. Hosts: 1,000 1986 - NSFNET created (backbone 56 Kbps) 1987 - NSF agreed to manage the backbone with Merit, IBM and MCI - No. of hosts breaks 10,000 1989 - NSFNET upgraded to 1.544 Mbps - Creation of pan-European IP network. Hosts: 100,000 - Tim Berners-Lee paper “Hyper Text and CERN” 1990 - ARPANET ceases to exist - Initial World-Wide-Web program on NeXT 1991 - Gopher released by University of Minnesota - WAIS released by Thinking Machines Corporation

History of the Internet (continuation) 1992 - NSFNET upgraded to 44.736 Mbps - NSF relaxes the “Acceptable Use Policy”. Hosts: 1 million 1993 - White House, United Nations and World Bank come On-Line - Business and media take notice of the Internet - MOSAIC is released in Illinois (Mark Andreessen at NCSA) - Annual growth of traffic was 341,634% 1994 - US Senate and House provide information servers - Shopping malls arrived on the Internet - Mass marketing find its way to the Internet - Andreessen & colleagues form Mosaic Communications Corp. (now Netscape) 1995 - The Web main theme at the European Parliament - Sun Microsystems launched JAVA

Bandwidth Type of Circuit Speed/KBPS Time/Meg. Telephone 14.4 9.3 min ISDN 128 1 min DirectPC 128 1 min T1 1,440 5.5 sec Cable TV Modem 4,000 2.0 sec ASDL 6,000 1.5 sec Adv. Cable TV Mod. 40,000 0.2 sec T3 45,000 0.2 sec Optical fiber 80,000 0.1 sec

Growth of Internet Users U.S. Online Population Forecast by Researcher 200 150 100 50 CommerceNet/Nielsen Cyber Dialogue (Aggressive) Cyber Dialogue (Conservative) International Data Corp. Jupiter/NFO Population (Millions) 1999 2000 20001 20002 2003

Other Interesting References Strategy: “In Search of Strategy,” Sloan Management Review, Spring 1999 Internet Technology: Keen, P., Mougayar, W., and Torregrossa, T. (1998) The Business Internet and Intranet: A manager’s guide to key terms and Concepts, Harvard Business School Press. Internet Online Atlas: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/atlas.html History of the Internet: http://www.isoc.org/guest/zakon/Internet/