EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

EARLY ATMOSPHERE PRODUCED BY ERUPTING VOLCANOES CONTAINED NITROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE EARLY ORGANISMS RELEASED OXYGEN

TODAY’S ATMOSPHERE NITROGEN – 78% OXYGEN – 21% OTHER GASES – 1% WATER VAPOR – UP TO 4% DUST, POLLEN, AND SALT

TROPOSPHERE THE LOWEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE. CONTAINS 99% OF THE ATMOSPHERES WATER VAPOR. CONTAINS 75% OF THE ATMOSPHERES GASES. EXTENDS UP TO 10 KILOMETERS ABOVE THE EARTH

STRATOSPHERE EXTENDS FROM 10 KM – 50 KM ABOVE THE EARTH. CONTAINS THE GAS OZONE.

MESOSPHERE EXTENDS FROM 50 KM – 85 KM. CONTAINS PART OF THE IONOSPHERE.

THERMOSPHERE EXTENDS BETWEEN 85 KM – 500 KM ABOVE THE EARTH. THE THICKEST LAYER IN THE ATMOSPHERE. HAS HIGH TEMPERATURES ALSO CONTAINS PART OF THE IONOSPHERE

EXOSPHERE THE LAST LAYER. WHERE THE SPACE SHUTTLE FLIES. IT HAS FEW MOLECULES. OUTER SPACE IS BEYOND THE EXOSPHERE.

IONOSPHERE A LAYER OF ELECTRICALLY CHARGED PARTICLES. DURING THE DAY SUN ENERGY INTERACTS AND ABSORBS AM FREQUENCIES. AT NIGHT, AM TRANSMISSIONS CAN TRAVEL GREAT DISTANCES.

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GRAVITY PULLS GASES TOWARDS THE EARTH’S SURFACE. THE AIR IS DENSER AS IT GETS CLOSER TO THE EARTH. MORE FORCE OR PRESSURE IS FELT NEARER THE EARTH.

TEMPERATURE THE EARTH’S SURFACE WARMS UP THE TROPOSPHERE. AS YOU CLIMB HIGHER IT GETS COOLER. OZONE MOLECULES ABSORB THE SUN’S ENERGY AND RAISES THE STRATOSPHERE TEMPERATURE AS IT GOES HIGHER

TEMPERATURE THE TEMPERATURE GOES DOWN THROUGH THE MESOSPHERE. THERMOSPHERE AND EXOSPHERE TEMPERATURES GO UP THE FARTHER YOU GO.

OZONE LAYER IN THE STRATOSPHERE. MADE OF 3 OXYGEN ATOMS TOGETHER. SHIELDS US FROM THE SUN’S HARMFUL RAYS (ULTRAVIOLET).

CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCs) CHEMICALS USED IN REFRIGERATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS, FOAM PACKAGING, AND HAIR SPRAYS. BLAMED FOR DESTROYING THE OZONE.

EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE MESOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE TROPOSPHERE

ENERGY TRANSFER IN THE ATMOSPHERE CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION

CONDUCTION THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY FROM ONE MOLECULE TO ANOTHER. THE TRANSFER HAPPENS WHEN THE MOLECULES HIT AGAINST EACH OTHER TAKES PLACE IN SOLID, LIQUIDS, AND GASES BUT WORKS BEST IN MATERIALS WITH SIMPLE MOLECULES LIKE METAL

CONVECTION THE MOVEMENT OF HEAT BY A LIQUID OR A GAS. THE LIQUID OR GAS CARRY THE HEAT WITH IT AS IT MOVES. THE MOVEMENT OF A MASS OF HEATED WATER OR AIR IS CALLED A CURRENT.

RADIATION THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. WHEN WE FEEL THE HEAT FROM THE SUN OR AROUND LIGHT BULBS, IRONS, OR THE OVEN.

THE WATER CYCLE SUN ENERGY CAUSES THE EVAPORATION OF WATER WATER + HEAT FROM SUN = GAS IF THE WATER VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE COOLS IT CHANGES BACK TO A LIQUID WHICH IS CONDENSATION WATER VAPOR + COOL AIR = LIQUID

HYDROSPHERE ALL OF THE WATERS OF THE EARTH

CONDENSATION WHEN WATER VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE COOLS ENOUGH IT CHANGES BACK TO LIQUID.

CLIMATES OF THE WORLD THE CLIMATES OF AN AREA ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE ANNUAL AND MONTHLY AVERAGES OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION, WHICH IS AFFECTED BY THE WATER CYCLE.

WIND WHEN WARMER AIR EXPANDS IT LOWERS IN DENSITY. COLDER AIR HAS A HIGHER PRESSURE AND MOVES INTO THE LOWER PRESSURE AREAS CREATING WIND.

HEATED AIR BECAUSE THE EARTH IS CURVED EVERY AREA DOES NOT RECEIVE THE SAME AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT. THE AIR AT THE EQUATOR IS LESS DENSE AND IS DISPLACED BY COLDER AIR CREATING CONVECTION CURRENTS.

CORIOLIS EFFECT THE ROTATION OF EARTH CAUSES MOVING AIR AND WATER TO APPEAR TO TURN. NORTH OF THE EQUATOR IT TURNS RIGHT. SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR IT TURNS LEFT.

SURFACE WINDS TRADE WINDS WESTERLIES POLAR EASTERLIES EQUALATORAL DOLDRUMS

JET STREAM STRONG WINDS NEAR THE TOP OF THE TROPOSPHERE. MOVE STORMS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. PILOTS USE THE JET STREAM TO SAVE TIME AND FUEL WHEN FLYING EAST.

SEA BREEZE CREATED DURING THE DAY WHEN SOLAR RADIATION WARMS THE LAND MORE THAN THE SEA. THE COOLER AIR OVER THE SEA BLOWS TOWARD THE LAND.

LAND BREEZE AT NIGHT THE AIR OVER LAND COOLS FASTER THAN THAT OVER WATER. MOVEMENT OF AIR TOWARD THE SEA FROM THE LAND.

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