The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire Where did it all start? As the Roman Empire began to collapse there was a split between the eastern Greek speaking Christians and western Christians now controlled by the Barbarian tribes of Europe.

The Byzantine Empire Why did the Split occur? In 325 CE____________called the bishops of hundreds of churches together to discuss religious doctrine This was known as the ____________ Nicaea is located in modern day __________ The main focus was the importance of Jesus and how he related to God. Who was more important. Many bishops could not agree.

The Byzantine Empire So what? Because of these disagreements churches in Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem and Constantinople begin to appoint their own _______, set up their own dioceses, and develop their own church ___________ In the west Latin becomes the official language of the church while in the east ______becomes the language of the church Each believes that they are right

The Byzantine Empire Rome Falls In 286 CE the Roman Empire had become too big to control The Empire was split into the east and west In 330 Constantine unites the Roman Empire in Constantinople In 395 CE the Empire was then again split between east and west The eastern half was called the ___________________

The Byzantine Empire How was the Byzantine Empire different from Rome? _________ was the official language Dome architecture It culturally aligned itself with those in eastern Europe, _______________ They practiced ______________ Christianity

The Byzantine Empire As Rome Fell In the East The Byzantine Empire was ruled by one absolute ruler All economic systems were controlled by the Emperor As was true in the Roman Empire The Emperor set Prices Grain shipments Controlled the types of trade goods to be sold Coined money was used for trade

The Byzantine Empire Constantinople Became the religious center for the _________________Church the crossroads between the Muslim Middle east and the Christian west the center of trade for sea trade in the Mediterranean The center of overland trade with the Silk Road linking Europe with China, India, The Middle East and The East Indies Rivaled __________ for cultural and economic supremacy

The Byzantine Empire Justinian (527-565) Restored the former glory of Rome to the Empire Developed the __________ ____________ Codification of Roman law which kept __________ ________legal principles alive Developed the Arts and Sciences Constructed major churches (________________) Mastery of mosaic art

The Byzantine Empire Who ruled the church? In the _____ the power of the church was centralized into the hands of the ________. In the ________ the ______________________was seen as the head of the church

The Byzantine Empire _________________________ Around 900-1000 CE the relationship between the ____________ Roman Catholic Church and the _________Orthodox worsened. The church leaders in Byzantium challenged the authority and the territorial jurisdiction of the Pope. The Orthodox Christians did not like having to follow the rules of _____________

The Byzantine Empire By 1054 CE neither side could agree on various aspects of the church In 1054 CE the Pope excommunicated the leaders of the Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church excommunicated the Pope From 1054 CE the Orthodox Church would influence eastern Europe while the Roman Catholic Church would control the western portion of Europe

The Byzantine Empire Impact of the Orthodox Church on the East By the 9th century Russia was converted to Orthodox Christianity _______________spread Orthodox Christianity Vladimir the Prince of Kiev turns to Orthodox after examining Islam, Judaism and Roman Catholicism It is said it picked Orthodox because there were no food restrictions that accompanied the religion ______________________was introduced and is still used today in parts of Russia

The Byzantine Empire Russian followed traditions of the Orthodox Church and did not follow the reforms of the Roman Catholic Church However without the support of the RCC during the Mongol invasion Russia and eastern Europe was left to defend itself with little help from the rest of Europe Russia will develop into a culturally and politically different nation than the rest of Europe under the influence of the Orthodox Church

The Byzantine Empire Cultural Achievements Architecture ______________(Sacred Wisdom) Use of ornamentation of religious centers and churches Religious Art Holy images against gold backgrounds influenced western art Musical Chanting which would later be employed in Roman Catholic Churches

The Byzantine Empire Women The Byzantine Empire followed the rules of traditional Roman society Family life was centered around the father While women enjoyed some freedom in public this changed by the 7th century Women found themselves confined to homes and wearing veils not unlike their Muslim neighbors.

The Byzantine Empire Problems While the empire looked strong on paper it was actually slowly weakening Warfare Constant fighting on both the northern and southern boarders depleted military power and money Between 634 and 650 the Arabs took most the Byzantine holding in Africa (Egypt, Tunisia) The Middle East (Syria) By 1453 The Muslim Empire had taken over the Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire Problems Warfare Muslims Because the Muslims took so much of the Byzantine Empire many of the people that were Christians converted to Islam Warfare in the North Between the 600-1054 CE Germanic tribes from the west and Slavic tribes from the north east migrated into and fought with the Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire Inside the Empire In the late 500’s the Empire suffered an outbreak of the _____________________

The Byzantine Empire Problems The decline in _______________ lead to a decline in the wealth of the empire The urban elite shrank and this caused those families who were still wealthy to begin to fight for their own power and control. As with Japan it lead to a battle of aristocratic families By 1118 the Emperor of the Empire stated that he felt more like a lord and not like a ruler

The Byzantine Empire Conclusion By the 1242 the Mongols had taken over Russia By the 14th Century the Muslims had taken over the Byzantine Empire and began to move into Eastern Europe In the 1400’s Ivan III expanded the territory around Moscow driving out the Mongols. The Eastern Orthodox Church would move out of Constantinople and center itself in Moscow.