Drug, Alcohol and DNA Testing For Judicial Environments Applications and potential pitfalls of various test methods

About ARCpoint Labs… ARCpoint Labs is a full-service national third-party provider/administrator of drug, alcohol, DNA & clinical wellness programs. We are affiliated with both DATIA (Drug & Alcohol Testing Industry Association) and SAPAA (Substance Abuse Program Administrators Association). We offer convenient testing for your clients at our lab by appointment or walk-in; we also offer on-site testing (for groups) as well as mobile testing for individuals. ARCpoint Labs has been in the drug and alcohol testing business for over eighteen years and has over sixty years of combined corporate staff experience. ARCpoint Labs currently has over 70+ operating locations covering 23 states and is considered to be one of the fastest growing franchises in the nation. ARCpoint Lab’s services encompass both on-site and off-site pre-employment, random, post-accident and reasonable suspicion testing. In addition to our workplace and wellness testing capabilities, we serve many judicial, athletic, and medical clients across the United States. All ARCpoint Labs technicians are certified and trained in accordance with 49CFR Part 40 (Part 40), Procedures for Transportation Workplace Drug and Alcohol Testing Programs. The federal requirements of Part 40 ensure best practices and establish standards for training both urine collection and breathe alcohol technicians within industry. ARCpoint Labs corporate staff includes credentialed professionals, bringing the highest standards of training to ARCpoint Labs and its client base.

What Separates ARCpoint Labs? We also specialize in legally admissible Forensic DNA and Paternity testing. We only use AABB (American Association of Blood Banks) certified DNA laboratories. Expert testimony is available from all partner labs. Unlike most of our competitors, we keep full-time phlebotomist on staff at all times. We do blood draws for clinical labs testing, wellness, STD and drug testing. All lab technicians undergo extensive training in all drug and alcohol testing methodologies by our Certified Corporate Trainers. All collectors are DOT & BAT Trained & Certified. Each collector carries the distinction of “Certified Professional Collector” and is required to demonstrate ongoing proficiency and successfully completion of continuing education requirements. We partner with the top Toxicology laboratories in the nation that are SAMSHA Certified. We utilize only the highest quality, most advanced drug screening devices on the market today. All of our Instant Screens are American Made and thoroughly tested by our corporate quality control department. Our Instant Screens also have adulterant controls build-in. We never sacrifice quality for price! Accuracy, Reliability & Confidentiality (ARC) is the basis of our name…

What Separates ARCpoint Labs? We utilize MRO (Medical Review Officer) reviews on ALL Non-Negative lab results. This is not the case with most companies as it can be very expensive. Also, only the MRO communicates with the donor due to privacy issues. We also require Lab Confirmations on all non-negative results which are generally at more sensitive levels than initial lab screens. The specimen must go through GC/MS process to determine actual metabolites to eliminate false positives. We can customize drug screening cutoff levels and adjust confirmation sensitivity too meet the specific needs of our clients by working with our lab partners Clients can access secure results via web portal to expedite result delivery All lab based testing must pass adulterant screens to ensure valid non-adulterated or substituted synthetic specimens. We maintain secure collection facilities and maintain protocols to ensure specimen integrity and reliable results. We maintain both Male & Female collectors at our facilities to meet the requirements of “observed” collections. All of our labs carry errors and omissions insurance, not carried by most third party providers, specifically for drug and alcohol testing that is for your protection.

Understanding the Limitations and Advantages of each Drug Testing Method What drugs can you test for ? What is the “Window of Detection” ? What does the methodology actually “look” for ? Are there any “holes” in the detection window ? Can the method be altered or tampered with ? Is the method effective for the drug I am concerned with ?

Drug Test Methods Urine Hair Saliva / Oral Fluids Blood Fingernail / Toenail Sweat / Skin Patch Passive Exposure Environmental

Urine Testing Most commonly accepted method Detects drug use up to 30 days* Detects drugs within hours of use Average Detectable Window 10-14 days Detects drug metabolite and not parent drug Detects up to 16+ different drug categories Federally standardized by DHHS and DOT Can provide instant results Methodology: Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry

Hair Follicle Testing Test is for historic drug use, not a recent event Hair contains remnants of drugs and alcohol that have entered the blood stream and made their way into the hair follicle Tests for drug usage up to a 90 day window More expensive than most other drug testing methodologies Reduces opportunity to adulterate sample Tests for use outside of the most recent 10-14 days Can test for up to 14 drug categories (5 panel most common) Moderately invasive (Head or Body Hair) Detects both parent drug and metabolite Methodology: GC/MS

Oral Fluid (Saliva) Testing Tests for drug usage up to 48-60 hours Relatively short window of detection compared with other methodologies, however, most drugs are eliminated from the body with 3-5 days anyway Detects drug usage within minutes of use (faster than urine) “Lab Based” Oral Fluid Testing is very accurate (Not Instants) Methodology likely to receive DOT approval (2014/2015) Least invasive methodology Eliminates “Shy Bladder” Issues Eliminates gender collection issues All collections are deemed “Observed” No known adulterants and impossible to substitute Methodology: Enzyme Immunoassay

Nail Drug Testing Drugs can be identified in nail clippings approximately 30 days following ingestion Drugs can be detected 8 months (fingernails) and 12 months (toenails) – Source Lab USDTL Drugs are incorporated into nails from the blood stream and remain locked in the nail until they are cut, bitten or worn off Good alternative to Hair Follicle testing, especially when donor has shaved all hair from their body More expensive (Similar to Hair Follicle Testing) Only 100 mg sample required Limited to 5 Drug Categories

Sweat Patch (Skin) Yields drug usage from 3-4 days prior to application thru the duration of time the patch is applied (up to 14 days) Provides real time 24/7 detection A unique serial number and tamper evident adhesive film prevent fraud and tampering Moderately Priced (similar to Oral Fluid) Eliminates Adulteration / “Shy Bladder Issues” Lab based analysis upon removal Testing is limited to 6 drugs: Marijuana, Cocaine, Opiates, Amphetamines, PCP, Oxycontin Methodology has been upheld in numerous court cases

Other drugs once difficult to detect Date Rape / Club Drugs GHB Rohypnol Ketamine Detectable in urine up to 1-3 days Hair Follicle Test available as well Residue is also now detectable

Synthetic Stimulants (Synthetic Cannabinoids) Street Names: K2, Spice, Haze, Cloud 9, Triple Diamond etc. Chemicals act as cannabinoid receptor agonists Adverse effects include agitation, rapid heart rate, confusion, dizziness and nausea Up to 10 times more potent/dangerous than marijuana Detectable in urine up to 72 hours Synthetic Stimulants are typically smoked Bath Salts (Synthetic Cathinones) Street Names: Ivory Wave, Cloud 10, Pure White, Bloom, Blue Silk, Red Dove etc. Bath Salts typically contain methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Bath Salt is a hallucinogen; people under the influence experience intense paranoid delusions Bath Salts can be swallowed, snorted, smoked or injected Extremely dangerous and readily available to the public Detectable in urine up to 72 hours

Synthetic Prescription Drugs Additional Methodologies Synthetic Prescription Drugs Lortab – not detectable in a normal opiate drug tests ! Oxycontin – not detectable in a normal opiate drug tests ! Darvocet – not detectable in a normal opiate drug tests ! Vicodin – not detectable in a normal opiate drug tests ! Buprenorphine – not detectable ! 25 times more potent than heroin The new generation of addicts has discovered that synthetic opiates induce the same intense euphoric high as cocaine and heroin Experts say that there are 1.4 million painkiller addicts in the United States, versus an estimate of 980,000 heroin users

Passive Exposure Detection Additional Methodologies Passive Exposure Detection Hair or Swab Based analysis Particular effective when children are involved Tests for exposure and usage Relatively Expensive Detects parent drug compound and residue

Additional Methodologies Environmental Searches for “Parent” drug in the following: Solid Surfaces Liquids Pills, Powders Residue Can provide instant results

Unknown Substances Analysis Additional Methodologies Unknown Substances Analysis Identify pills, powders, liquids, syrups Verify evidence Residue Stains Lipstick, make-up Semen analysis E-Cell analysis

Additional Methodologies Alcohol Detection Breath Alcohol (detects for hours) Blood Alcohol (detects for hours) Saliva Alcohol (detects for hours) Urine EtG/EtS Alcohol (80 hours) Hair EtG/EtS Alcohol (90 day window) Breathalyzer tests are available for individuals and judicial testing requirements

Common questions, excuses, mistakes: “Just go get a blood test. It’s better than anything else.” “Isn’t it possible for a hair test to go back 5 years?” “My hair test was positive so I went and got a urine test and it was negative. Your test is obviously wrong!” “I can’t help that I live around drugs. Being exposed to drugs regularly will make my screen positive.” “My client was required to have a hair analysis (body hair) but his/her spouse received the normal (head hair) hair test. Are they the same?” “How can I provide evidence that a person has used alcohol prior to the last 30 days?” “A client is known to abuse prescriptions drugs but how can it be detected?” “The parents are hiding it well; but are the children being exposed to and affected by the drugs? How can we find out?”

Summary (some “Cardinal Rules” to remember) Rarely (if ever) compare results from two different methodologies. Especially when trying to discount a result vs. another. Always use methodologies that are capable of detecting targeted drugs (remember the synthetics) “More” is not necessarily “Better” A Blood test is NOT the end-all answer Apples to Apples : ALWAYS No, a hair test will NOT go back 5 years 30-60-90 day hair test; is it possible to separate? Nothing on the market that will “MASK” or hide a drug It goes without saying…”there’s more bad information on the internet than good”. Especially when it comes to drugs.

What is the best method to use for drug testing? Answer: it depends…

Why ARCpoint Labs? There is no easy answer as to what is the best method to use for drug testing. Which method is best depends upon the facts of each case. We understand the evidentiary issues that can arise in a contested case and will take all steps necessary to insure that the collection process is not tainted. We can also meet with attorneys (and judges) to determine the best testing method(s) to use based upon the facts of each case. As a locally-owned and operated collection and testing facility, our focus is to provide quality service and to assure our clients that the strictest protocols and procedures are followed to insure accuracy of results.

ARCpoint Labs Services Offering comprehensive Instant and lab-based testing for drugs & alcohol, including pre-employment, random, post-incident, and reasonable suspicion (both non-mandated and federally mandated) Environmental drug testing to detect drug residual on surfaces and potential toxins Comprehensive Judicial and Social Services Testing Complete DNA solutions (using only AABB accredited labs) for your clients’ needs and peace of mind ARCpoint Labs is a Preferred / Network collection site for many national laboratories

DNA TESTING Child support/child custody Relationship - Issues related to paternity (even prenatal testing), sibling ship, grand parentage Forensic DNA (evidence/legal admissibility) Infidelity (test items for bodily fluids) Inheritance issues Immigration – If the U.S. Embassy or USCIS deems evidence, such as birth certificate insufficient, a DNA test may be required to prove a relationship between the petitioner and beneficiary. Not only is DNA testing used to prove maternity and/or paternity, but it is also used to determine sibling and grandparent relationships. Ancestry

DNA TESTING ARCpoint Labs makes getting a DNA test simple. We can test newborn babies, immigrants living abroad and even forensic evidence such as envelopes, cups, cigarette butts, clothing and more. ARCpoint Labs uses only AABB-accredited laboratories for DNA analysis. Our trained and certified professionals collect and handle specimens per our strict protocols and procedures, assuring accuracy. Local law enforcement, attorneys and private investigators have used ARCpoint Labs for forensic DNA testing services.

Location Information ARCpoint Labs of Location Address City, St Zip Phone: www.arcpointlabs.com/Vanity URL

ARCpoint Labs Management Name Owner/President/Title Office: 000-000-0000 Cell: Email: Owner/Director of Operations/Title Office: