Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction

Meiosis

More Meiosis

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Chromosome Number

Miscellaneous

Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction Mitosis vs. Meiosis More Meiosis Chromosome number Meiosis Miscellaneous $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

Type of reproduction used by bacteria

Asexual

Division of prokaryotic cells is called this

binary fission

Comparison of daughter cells formed when a bacterial cell divides

Identical

Cost of Asexual Reproduction

Unable to adapt to a changing environment

3 Ways genetic diversity is gained

Crossing Over, Random Fertilization, and Independent Assortment

Chromosomes are found here during Metaphase I

Equator

Exchange of genes that occurs during Meiosis I

Crossing-over

This process occurs before Meiosis I, but not before Meiosis II

Copying DNA

Phase homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA

Prophase I

Stage homologous pairs line up next to one another along the equator

Metaphase I

How many chromosomes are in a haploid cell of an organism that has a diploid number of 12?

6

Stage responsible for the law of segregation (independent assortment)

Metaphase I

Define homologous chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for the same traits Pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for the same traits. Not identical.

Daily Double!!

The maternal and paternal chromosomes of each homologous pair separate and reach the poles of the cell. What stage is this?

Anaphase I

What distinguishes prophase 1 of meiosis from prophase of mitosis?

Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange DNA segments through crossing over

Purpose of Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis: to create more body cells for repair and growth Meiosis: To make gametes (egg and sperm) for reproduction

Number of daughter cells

Mitosis: 2 Meiosis: 4

Number of divisions

Mitosis: 1 Meiosis: 2

Chromosome number of daughter cells

Mitosis: 46 Meiosis: 23

Difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis

Chromatids do not separate at the centromere in anaphase I.

Occurs in order to half the amount of chromosomes found within a cell

Meiosis

Chromosome number found in human body cells

46 or 2n

Chromosome number has been cut in half by the end of Meiosis II Chromosome number has been cut in half by the end of Meiosis II. Broad term that represents only half of the chromosomes present in each of the cells

n or haploid

Chromosome number found in a human gametes

n = 23

Number of copies of each autosome found in the body cell of an organism

two

Two examples of cells in humans that aren’t called “body cells”

eggs & sperm

Another name for reproductive cells such as the egg & sperm

Gametes

Number of sperm cells formed during gametogenesis

Four

All the chromosomes in an organism except X and Y

Autosomal chromosomes

Last two possible chromosomes on a karyotype

XX or XY (sex chromosomes)

Final Jeopardy Chromosomes with identical size, shape, & traits, but different alleles

What are Homologs?