MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION

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Presentation transcript:

MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION

OBJECTIVE To develop more efficient and cost-effective small-scale H2 liquefiers as an alternative to vapour-compression cycles using magnetic refrigeration (adiabatic magnetization).

CONTENTS Introduction History Basic principle of Magnetic Refrigeration Components Thermodynamic cycle Working Benefits Magnetic materials Regenerators & Superconducting Magnets Active magnetic regenerators (AMR’s) Comparison Activities

INTRODUCTION Magnetic refrigeration is a physical process that exploits the magnetic properties of certain solid materials to produce refrigeration. Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology based on the magneto caloric effect. This technique can be used to attain extremely low temperatures (well below 1 Kelvin), as well as the ranges used in common refrigerators, depending on the design of the system.

HISTORY Magneto caloric effect was discovered in pure iron in 1881 by E. Warburg. Debye (1926) & Giauque (1927) proposed a improved technique of cooling via adiabatic demagnetization independently. The cooling technology was first demonstrated experimentally in 1933 by chemist Nobel Laureate William F. Giauque & his colleague Dr. D. P. MacDougall for cryogenic purposes. In 1997, Prof. Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. by the Iowa State University at Ames Laboratory, demonstrated the first near room temperature proof of concept magnetic refrigerator.

Magneto Caloric Effect MCE is a magneto-thermodynamic phenomenon in which a reversible change in temperature of a suitable material is caused by exposing the material to changing magnetic field.

COMPONENTS Magnets. Hot heat exchanger. Cold heat exchanger. Drive. Magneto caloric wheel.

Thermodynamic cycle Steps of thermodynamic cycle - Adiabatic magnetization. Isomagnetic enthalpic transfer. Adiabatic demagnetization. Isomagnetic entropic

WORKING PRINCIPLE

BENEFITS TECHNICAL High efficiency. Reduced cost. Compactness. Reliability SOCIO-ECONOMIC Competition in global market. Low capital cost. Key factor to new technologies.

MAGNETIC MATERIALS Gd alloys: Gd5(Si2Ge2); Gd5(Si0.33Ge3.67); Gd0.54Er0.46)NiAl

REGENERATORS Tubes. Perforated plates. Wire screens. Particle beds.

SUPER CONDUCTING MAGNETS

AMR’s High heat transfer rate. Low pressure drop of the heat transfer fluid. High magneto caloric effect. Sufficient structural integrity. Low thermal conduction in the direction of fluid flow. Low porosity. Affordable materials. Ease of manufacture.

COMPARISON

CONTD…… Do the same job, but with metallic compounds, not gases. Environmentally friendly alternative to conventional vapor-cycle refrigeration. It eliminates the need of the compressor. Save costs.

ACTIVITIES ( PRESENT & FUTURE ) Development of optimized magnetic refrigerants. ( large magneto caloric effect ) Performance simulations of magnetic refrigerants. Design of a magnetic liquefier.

CONCLUSION Magnetic refrigeration technology could provide a ‘green’ alternative to traditional energy-guzzling gas-compression fridges and air conditioners. Computer models have shown 25% efficiency improvement over vapor compression systems. Two advantages to using Magnetic Refrigeration over vapor compressed systems are no hazardous chemicals used and they can be up to 60% efficient.

Promoting energy efficiency THANK YOU…