Qualitative and Quantitative Observations and making Inferences Science 8th Grade

Qualitative Observations Describe an object with a “Quality” Your perception or description using your five senses: Sight Hearing Touch Smell Taste Are based on facts. Describe what the object is like. MAP TAP 2002-2003

You Try It! Pretend you are in this picture. Describe it using qualitative observations. MAP TAP 2002-2003

You Try It! Did you remember to describe: What you would see? What you would hear? What it would feel like? How it would taste? How it would smell ? MAP TAP 2002-2003

Quantitative Observations Describe using a “Quantity”. A count, Number or Amount usually using a Scientific Instrument. Scientists prefer quantitative observations. MAP TAP 2002-2003

Quantitative Observations Uses Scientific Instruments 1. Ruler = LENGTH or WIDTH 2. Balance or Scale = MASS 3. Graduated Cylinder or Beaker = VOLUME 4. Thermometer = AMOUNT OF HEAT ENERGY 5. Stopwatch or Clock = TIME 6. Calculator = AMOUNT

INACCURATE OBSERVATION MAP TAP 2002-2003 INACCURATE OBSERVATION USING YOUR OPINIONS (UGLY, GROSS, DELICIOUS, NICE, PRETTY, YUMMY, ) USING RELATIVE TERMS (Big-Little, Short-Tall, Hot-Cold, Fat-Skinny) Quantitative and Qualitative Observations

PRECISE and ACCURATE OBSERVATION Precise observations gives more information than imprecise observations. Precise observations gives more scientific information Which is most precise and accurate? It looks real big It is real heavy It is heavy as a rock It’s mass is 1000 grams

Inference “An Explanation for an Observation” -conclusion drawn from an observation that attempts to explain or make sense of the observation.

1. Make two Qualitative Observation about the picture above. 2. Make two Quantitative Observation about the picture above. 3. Make two Inferences about the picture above.

Oil Painting Example Qualitative Observations *red/green color, gold frame *smells old and musty *texture shows brush strokes of oil paint *peaceful scene of the country *masterful brush strokes It was drawn by an 8th grader It was clipart from google images *picture is 10" by 14” with frame 14" by 18” * weighs 8.5 pounds surface area of painting is 140 sq. in. *cost $300 Quantitative Observations Inference

Latte Example Qualitative Observation Quantitative Observation *robust aroma *frothy appearance * chocolatey taste *glass cup and saucer It is going to be too hot to drink. It is made at an expensive restaurant . *12 ounces of latte *serving temperature 1500 F. *serving cup 7 inches in height *cost $4.95 Inference

Make 4 OBSERVATIONS MAKE 4 INFERENCES MAP TAP 2002-2003 Make 4 OBSERVATIONS MAKE 4 INFERENCES What Happened Here? How many animals were here? What were they doing? What kind of animals were they? Were they all here at the same time? What are the clues that can help you guess the answers to these questions? Think about all of the possibilities, and then write a report using your best guess about the story behind these footprints Quantitative and Qualitative Observations

MAP TAP 2002-2003 The Metric System Scientists use the metric system when measuring. The metric system is based on the number 10, so converting in the metric system is easy – just move the decimal point! Quantitative and Qualitative Observations

Basic Units in the Metric System MAP TAP 2002-2003 Basic Units in the Metric System Meter –(m) – measure distance Liter – (l) – measures volume Gram – (g) – measures mass (weight) Quantitative and Qualitative Observations

Prefixes in the Metric System MAP TAP 2002-2003 Prefixes in the Metric System King Kilo (k) - base times 1000 Hecto (h) – base times 100 Deca (dk) – base times 10 BASE (meter, liter, or gram) Henry Died By Drinking Deci (d) – base divided by 10 Centi (c) – base divided by 100 Milli (m) – base divided by 1000 Chocolate Milk Quantitative and Qualitative Observations

To Convert In the Metric System: MAP TAP 2002-2003 To Convert In the Metric System: Put an “X” on the amount you know. _____ ______ _____ ___X__ _____ ______ _____ K H D B D C M 36.54 m = ______ cm

To Convert In the Metric System: MAP TAP 2002-2003 To Convert In the Metric System: Put an “X” on the amount you know. Put a “?” on the amount you are trying to find. _____ ______ _____ ___X__ _____ __?___ _____ K H D B D C M 36.54 m = ______ cm

To Convert In the Metric System: MAP TAP 2002-2003 To Convert In the Metric System: Put an “X” on the amount you know. Put a “?” on the amount you are trying to find. Count from the “X” to the “?”. 2 _____ ______ _____ ___X__ _____ __?___ _____ K H D B D C M 36.54 m = ______ cm

To Convert In the Metric System: MAP TAP 2002-2003 To Convert In the Metric System: Put an “X” on the amount you know. Put a “?” on the amount you are trying to find. Count from the “X” to the “?”. Move the decimal point the same number of places in the same direction. 2 _____ ______ _____ ___X__ _____ __?___ _____ K H D B D C M 36.54 m = _3654._ cm

To Convert In the Metric System: MAP TAP 2002-2003 To Convert In the Metric System: Put an “X” on the amount you know. Put a “?” on the amount you are trying to find. Count from the “X” to the “?”. Move the decimal point the same number of places in the same direction. Add zeroes if necessary to be able to move the decimal point. Quantitative and Qualitative Observations

To Convert In the Metric System: MAP TAP 2002-2003 To Convert In the Metric System: Put an “X” on the amount you know. Put a “?” on the amount you are trying to find. Count from the “X” to the “?”. Move the decimal point the same number of places in the same direction. Add zeroes if necessary to be able to move the decimal point. If the number doesn’t have a decimal point, put it at the end of the number. Quantitative and Qualitative Observations