10th World Studies 2.1.18 Turn in: Take out: Imperialism Nothing Take out: Planner Notes Pen/Pencil Today’s objective: I can describe how the Industrial Revolution impacted the balance of power in Europe. Today’s Agenda: Causes of WWI It’s a MANIA(C) Imperialism HW: Outline & Take notes on 24.1

MANIA(C)—Causes of “the great war” M: Militarism A: Alliances N: Nationalism I: Imperialism A: Assassination (C): Competition—always there!

MANIA(C)—Causes of “the great war” I: Imperialism A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

Changes to make Africa possible Industrial Revolution sweeps through Europe Increase in standard of living and wealth Population increase England Population: 1740 – 6 Million, 1801 – 8.3 Million, 1851 – 16.8 Million, 1901 – 31 Million Growth of machine based manufacturing and steam engines New Nation-States: Italy (1870) and Germany (1871) Entering “Mother Africa” becomes a reality by 1850’s

What changed? Malaria prevented with quinine Railroads become reality a) 1829 – “The Rocket” moves at 16MPH b) 1850 – British Railroads in Egypt and South Africa 3) Telegraph a)1861 – Algiers to Paris

What else changed? 4) Lethal Weapons a) Small armies able to conquer 5) Steamships a) 1843 – British make first steamship Due to technology, Africa is no longer the “Dark Continent”

What’s desirable about Africa? The “3 G’s”  Gold, God, Glory Economic Motivation (Gold) “Tropical Treasure House” Minerals Raw Materials New Crops John Hobson: Need for new markets Jules Ferry: “Colonial policy is the daughter of industrialization” Cultural/Religious Motivation (God) David Livingstone aims to “westernize” Africans Cecil Rhodes and “Social Darwinism”

Social darwin Views on Imperialism I believe that we are the first race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race… I believe it to be my duty to God, my Queen, and my country to paint the whole map of Africa red, red from the Cape to Cairo. That is my creed, my dream and my Mission. Cecil Rhodes

The White Man’s “Burden” PUERTO RICO CUBA SUDAN INDIA EGYPT SAMOA HAWAII ZULU CHINA PHILIPPINES It’s EVERYONE’S DESIRE! So, it’s the RESPONSIBILITY of the more “fortunate,” the “civilized,” & the “advanced” nations of the world… Great Britain The United States The White Man’s “Burden”

Possible anecdote: Review of African cultures and civilizations, such as Mansa Musa and Great Zimbabwe. What is the message and attitude displayed in these REAL advertisements?

What’s desirable about africa? Political Motivations (Glory) England  “Cape to Cairo” France  Prestige…hanging on to the “glory days…” New nation-states (Italy/Germany) looking for prestige Germany, Italy  Nationalism

The Scramble for africa Berlin Conference, 1884-85 7 Countries meet to divide Africa England, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal Requirements set to claim territory 1) Sign a treaty 2) Set up “colonial office” 3) Fly your flag https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEx5G-GOS1k Africa is carved up by Europe between 1884 and 1914  European powers able to “divide and conquer” different ethnic groups in Africa

Effects of the berlin conference Africa arbitrarily divided up 1875  10% of Africa controlled by Europeans 1900  90% of Africa controlled by Europeans Social divisions created Tribal governments ignored Thousands of ethnic groups

African Response Accommodation: Attempt to make treaties and peace “When you attacked the people… who had done you no harm, I was amazed and afflicted beyond all manner of expression.” King Moshweshwe I, Lesotho 1858. Armed Resistance: Used as first response, or when accommodation fails

24.1 Outline Building overseas empires Use Headings and Subheadings to create an outline/notes for Section 24.1 – “Building Overseas Empires” How do these types of events shift the balance of power in Europe? (Think about which nations have been “powerful” pre-IR and which nations might be considered “powerful” during IR…) What motivation do these European nations have in building overseas empires?