Africa map Label all countries indicated by the boundaries on your map. (use pg. R20 in the purple book or the map in your agenda)

Also Label the following from the maps on R20, 385, 445, AND 380 Arabian Peninsula Tigris and Euphrates Rivers -blue Mediterranean Sea Strait of Gibraltar Red Sea Sahara Desert – yellow Persian Gulf Kalahari Desert – yellow Black Sea Equator Caspian Sea Greece Nile River - blue Spain Niger River - blue Cyprus Jerusalem Crete Damascus Sicily Constantinople Asia Minor Madinah (Medina) Makkah (Mecca) Rome

Also Label the following from the maps on R20, 385, 445, AND 380

Africa Geography Only Asia is > than Africa 1. over 3x larger than U.S. B. 10% rain forest (around equator) C. Savannahs – dry grasslands 1. Good for raising animals (herders & hunters) D. Deserts 1. Sahara – world’s largest, N of savannahs 2. Kalahari – SW E. N Africa along Med. = mild climate, good for crops

Rainforest

Savannah

Sahara Desert

West African Empires Berbers are 1st people to inhabit N. Africa Used horses and donkeys to transport goods but not efficient Later used Camels introduced by the Romans Trade: salt/cloth from northeast  ivory/gold in west

West African Empires Ghana – 1st empire Crossroads of trade Traders paid tax to pass through Ghana Iron weapons made them powerful Muslim Gold discovered in mines outside Ghana’s control – leads to fall

African Empires Contd. III. Mali Empire A. Sundiata Keita “lion prince” conquered Ghana capital 1. Controlled Timbuktu 2. Controlled gold mines

African Empires Contd. B. Last strong king was Mansa Musa 1. allowed other religions, but made Islam stronger 2. built mosques with trade $ & Muslim library in Timbuktu 3. 1324 – makes pilgrimage to Mecca where word of his wealth makes him famous.

African Empires Contd. IV. Songhai Empire A. Leader Sunni Ali – after taking Timbuktu, used canoes to control Niger River trade B. Gained control of Berber salt mines

African Culture Swahili: Eastern African language Sultan: Arab East African leader Dhow: Arabic sailing ship used for trade along Africa’s east coast Griot: African storytellers who passed on history from generation to generation Matrilineal: tracing family roots through mothers instead of fathers, many African cultures were matrilineal

Illustrated Timeline – African Empires

Illustrated Timeline Using pgs. 425-428 & 430-435 create an illustrated timeline of African empires. Start with the Berbers on pg. 425 at 400 B.C. and end with the death of Sunni Ali in 1492. Be sure to include the following events/ideas on your timeline: Berbers gold/salt/cloth trade rise of the Ghana Sundiata Keita conquering Ghana Mali winning Timbuktu Mansa Musa (Mali) and his pilgrimage to Mecca (spread of Islam) Sunni Ali (Songhai empire) Drives out Berbers Controls Niger River Conquered by Arabs Timelines should have AT LEAST 7 entries – each with an illustration and brief explanation