Do Now Activity! On your mini whiteboards write down your response to the following questions. Remember to wait for the clap before you reveal your answer. What are the key arguments against Parsons views from outside Functionalism? What did both Parsons and Durkheim use as an analogy for society? What did both Parsons and Durkheim use as an analogy for society? What three key figures influenced the functionalist approach to society? What is meant by the term Latency? What are the two key criticisms of Parsons approach put forward by fellow functionalist Robert Merton? What were the five cultural choices of action or ‘pattern variables’ according to Parsons? What are the four prerequisites that Parsons stated were for society to satisfy? Ten minutes and feedback

B673: Sociology of Education Lesson 2: Marxism, Culture and Society Vahide: Can I identify and compare the Marxist and Functionalist approaches to society? Writing down today’s learning objective and title – 2minutes Kinza: Can I evaluate the Marxist and Functionalist approaches to society?

First Task! This lessons’ key terms: Means of production Relations of production False-class consciousness Class conflict Instrumental Reason Mass Culture Oppression of personality Relative autonomy Repressive state apparatus Ideological state apparatus Working independently you have five minutes to read the overview of Marxist approach to society. You then have five minutes to summarise in your own words the key aspects to the theory using a series of images only and no words! Good luck! Ten minutes and feedback – writing down key words

Marcuse, Adorno and Horkheimer Neo Marxism Marcuse, Adorno and Horkheimer Adorno: Marx does not explore people’s desire to consume and own goods. Cannot just be false consciousness. Capitalism is rational, achieving goals. Reasons for having the goals however are not thought about rationally. Instrumental Reason Marcuse: Marx ignored importance of the media. It can control the people by making them happy with their lot and feeding them mindless entertainment. Mass Culture Ten minutes Before capitalism there was no concept of work ethic. Marxism repressed peoples wants and desires whereas Capitalism used it to its benefit, sex to sell products, gym to make money, holidays to make money. Oppression of personality Views on Marx Economic determinist – believed that society is mainly determined by economic structure, ignores people’s motivations.

Althusser’s concept of relative autonomy Economic system – producing all material goods Political system – organising society Key interlocking elements of capitalism Ideological system – providing all ideas and beliefs 25 minutes analysis Althusser’s concept of relative autonomy

Althusser’s concept of relative autonomy Economic structure has ultimate control. Political and Ideological have relative degrees of autonomy. Politics and culture change and adapt in response to different forces. Repressive state apparatuses 25 minutes analysis Army, police etc Ideological state apparatuses Althusser’s concept of relative autonomy Education, media, religion etc.

Harvey (1990) – Late Modernist Marxism Globalisation has also developed due to capitalism – cheap goods marketed in affluent nations overseas. Capitalism has been affected by postmodernism: National governments are less powerful than ever before, change now happens on a global scale rather than local Rise of image politics, what appears to happen is now more important than what actually happens Social class as a division has been replaced by gender, ethnicity, religion etc Postmodernist version of Marxism Fragmentation of society and move towards image and superficiality as a result of 1970s economic development and move from manufacturing to retail, commerce services etc. Capitalism responded cleverly with creation of whole new areas of commerce ‘flexible accumulation’. Fashion, travel, music etc.

Exam Practice Exam style question: Compare and contrast Functionalist and Marxist approaches to society? (22 marks) 10 minutes– responding individually Literacy Focus: Make sure to use capital letters and full stops. Have you used paragraphs to separate your ideas?

Due: Wednesday 18th, September Homework Exam style questions: Compare and contrast Functionalist and Marxist approaches to society? (22 marks) Evaluate Marxist perspectives on economy and society from both a traditional and contemporary perspective? (22 marks) 10 minutes– responding individually Due: Wednesday 18th, September

B673: Sociology of Education Lesson 2: Marxism, Culture and Society Vahide: Can I identify and compare the Marxist and Functionalist approaches to society? Writing down today’s learning objective and title – 2minutes Kinza: Can I evaluate the Marxist and Functionalist approaches to society?

Two things I have learnt in today’s lesson… Recap! Two things I have learnt in today’s lesson… 5 minutes and pack up