Nervous System Overview Sheet ` Functions of the nervous system:   Define the following terms associated with the nervous system: Sensory receptors Integrative function Motor output Organization of the nervous system:

Structural classification: Central nervous system (CNS): Peripheral nervous system (PNS): What do spinal nerves do? What do cranial nerves do? Sensory (afferent) division: Motor (efferent) division: Somatic nervous system: Autonomic nervous system: Where have you seen afferent and efferent before?

Overview of Nervous System School House Rock....Telegram:) Make me a Genius Video Overview of Nervous Sysem

Central Nervous System Two organs of the Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord 1. Gray matter: unmyleinated ( outer part of cerebrum) 2. White matter: Myelinated ( inside of cerebrum) Spinal Cord Major functions of the spinal cord = conducting nerve impulses & center for relexes How many spinal nerves are there? 31 pairs In the spinal cord, gray matter is on the outside, while white matter is on the inside. Four projections of the spinal cord= cervical , brachial, lumbarsacral, and intercostal. ascending_Tracts conduct impulses to the brain descending Tracts conduct impulses away from the brain

Protection of CNS is accomplished by the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood brain barrier. a. Meninges: 3 layers 1. dura mater -tough white fibrous connective 2. arachnoid mater- no blood vessels 3. piamater- nerves & blood vessels b. Cerebrospinal fluid: clear watery fluid in arachnoid space c. Blood-brain barrier: separates circulating blood from ECF of brain

Brain Four regions of the brain: cerebrum, diancephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. The Cerebral Hemispheres - the largest portion of the brain w/ four lobes. Parietal lobe: posterior to frontal/ understanding speech words and sensory Occipital lobe: back of cerebral hemispheres/ visual recognition Temporal lobe: below frontal and parietal/ sensory, memory, visual and auditory Frontal Lobe: anterior/ concentrations, problem solving and planning

The corpus collosum allows communication between cerebral hemispheres.  The longitudinal fissure divides the cerebral hemispheres.  The cerebrum has a thin layer of cerebral cortex on the outermost portion and a mass of white matter within.  The Diencephalon is superior to the brain stem with three structures. a. Thalamus: central relay station for incoming sensory impulses b. Hypothalamus: HOMEOSTASIS by HORMONES! c. Other parts of diencephalon: optic tracts, optic chiasma,  infidubullum, and posterior pituitary gland The Brain Stem is the most inferior portion of the brain with three structures. a. Midbrain- reflex center/ eye and head mov’ts b. Pons- transmits impulses for cerebrum/ BREATHING c. Medulla oblongata: ascending & descending tracts/ reflex center for vital and non- vital responses The Cerebellum has 2 hemispheres and is POSTERIOR and inferior to the cerebral hemispheres. It is responsible for: cooridination of skeletal muscles and equilibrium

Brain parts with your hands Label the regions of the brain: Cerebellum-- 57 Cerebral aqueduct-- 62 Cerebrum--51 Corpus callosum--52 Fourth ventricle--58 Hypothalamus-- 61 Medulla oblongata-- 59 Midbrain- 53 Pituitary gland-- 55 Pons-- 60 Thalamus-- 54 Third ventricle--56

Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system consist of two types of neurons: Sensory neurons: afferent- bring info. Into CNS Motor neurons: efferent- from CNS to effectors The peripheral nervous system can be divided into two parts: somatic system & autonomic system. The sensory-somatic system is made up of sensory and motor. It is responsible for receiving and sending messages through sensory and motor neurons. Complete the table to the right detailing Cranial Nerves ( Table 9.6 pg. 246) Nerves Type Function Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocohlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal Nerves Type Function Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocohlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal

Olfactory– Sensory-- Smell Optic-- Sensory-- Vision Oculomotor-- Primary Motor-- raise eyelids, move eyes, amt. of light, focus lenses Trochlear-- Primary Motor- moves muscles of eyes Trigeminal-- Mixed-- tears, scalp and forehead, upper eyelid, lower jaw Abducens-- Primary Motor- move eyes Facial– Mixed- anterior tongue, facial expression, salivary, tear glands

Vestibulocohlear- Sensory-- Equilibrium Glossopharyngeal-- Mixed- pharynx, tonsils, carotid arteries Vagus-- Mixed--- speech, swallowing, heart, smooth muscles in the abdomen Accessory-- Primary Motor- pharynx, larynx Hypoglossal-- Primary Motor- tongue

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for: heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and body temperature The primary responsibility of the autonomic nervous system is to maintain homeostasis The muscle contractions regulated by the autonomic system are involuntary. The autonomic nervous system is split into two parts: Sympathetic nervous system: Norepinepherine! STRESS/ENERGY--- thoracic/ lumbar regions Parasympathetic nervous system:  ACH-- ORDINARY ACTIVITIES-- brain/ sacral regions

Neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system are acetylcholine and noradrenaline. Acetylcholine: CNS-- skeletal PNS-- may excite or inhibit Noradrenaline: (aka norepinepherine)”THE FEEL GOOD” NT The neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system is NEP. In short, the Parasympathetic returns the body functions to normal after they have been altered by Sympathetic.

DRAWINGS…. Due Thursday 12-14-17 Fig. 9.4 pg. 216 Neuron Fig. 9.27 pg. 235 Major parts of the Brain Fig. 9. 28 pg. 236 Major lobes and functions Fig. 9.32 pg. 241 Brain stem parts Ventral view only… (one on the left side)