Biological Influences Part 1. structure and function of the nervous system roles of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex process of neural transmission

nerve fibres which carry impulses away from the CNS and to structures within the body. nerve fibres which carry impulses into the CNS from structures within the body. passes information from the CNS to voluntary tissues. i.e. skeletal muscles. passes information from the CNS to the involuntary muscles and glands in the body.

The Brain Year 11 Psychology 2015. THE BRAIN

The Hemispheres. LEFT HEMISPHERE. RIGHT HEMISPHERE. The left hemisphere controls the right side of your body. It is the logical brain more dominant for: Words Logic Numbers Analysis Lists Language Writing The right hemisphere controls the left side of your body. It is the creative brain and is more dominant for: Rhythm Spatial awareness Colour Imagination Daydreaming Puzzles

The Brain. What we need to know: Forebrain: Cerebrum, Cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus Midbrain Hindbrain: Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum Corpus callosum GREEN = FOUND IN BRAINSTEM

Cerebral Cortex. Where most of the information processing of the cerebrum occurs. function: thinking, reasoning, learning, memory, intelligence, initiating/controlling voluntary muscle contractions and sense perception. The outer surface of the cerebrum. Grey matter. Approx. 3-4mm thick, two hemispheres, both divided into four lobes.

Corpus Callosum. The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers which connect the brain cells in one hemisphere to those in the other hemisphere. The two hemispheres keep up a continuous conversation via this neural bridge. lateralization

Frontal Lobe Responsible for decision making, planning, problem solving, analysing, emotional behaviour, personality and self-awareness

Parietal Lobe Processes and integrates sensory information. Monitors the body’s position within space – spatial perception/awareness – mainly touch, but also pain and temperature

Occipital Lobe In charge of Visual Perception (processing visual signals and understanding what your eyes are seeing) and Colour Recognition .

Temporal Lobe. Temporal Lobe: Responsible for processing auditory information from the ears. Hearing, selective listening and language recognition.

CNS - The Brain. What we need to know: Forebrain: Cerebrum, Cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus Midbrain Hindbrain: Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum Corpus callosum GREEN = FOUND IN BRAINSTEM

Hypothalamus Thalamus controls and integrates the autonomic nervous system. Controls homeostasis (keeps body at a steady state i.e. temperature, food/water intake, sleep, bladder contractions by using endocrine glands/hormones). Thalamus relay station for all sensory information (except smell). Still forebrain!!!

Midbrain. Found in the brain stem, integration and reflex movements of the eyes and head in response to visual and sound stimuli. i.e. reading this text now, you are using your midbrain to keep your eyes and head moving.

Hindbrain Cerebellum: Autonomic: Controls posture, balance, fine coordination of voluntary skeletal muscle and muscle tone. We could move without it! But it would be spasmodic/jerky/uncontrolled.   Pons: Connects the spinal cord with brain Connects brain with other parts of the brain Medulla oblongata: The cardiac centre – regulates the rate and force of heartbeat. Respiratory centre – controls the rate and depth of breathing. Vasomotor centre – regulates the diameter of blood vessels.

Phineas Gage Famous case study. Helped scientists locate the parts of the brain in charge of personality and planning. Friends noticed change in personality.