World War II

Bell Ringer Please take a Bell Ringer paper from the file cabinet. What type of impact does war have on countries?

World War II in 7 minutes While you watch this video I want you to write down people or events that you are familiar with.

The Fall of France On June 22, France signed an armistice with Germany, agreeing to German occupation of northern France and the coast. The French military was demobilized, and the French government, now located at Vichy, in the south (and headed by Marshall Henri Philippe Pétain), would collaborate with the German authorities in occupied France. Refusing to recognize defeat, General Charles de Gaulle escaped to London and organized the Free French forces. Britain now stood alone against Germany.

The Battle of Britain Hitler expected Britain to make peace, however, Britain, led by a new Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, refused to surrender. Hitler proceeded with invasion plans. The Luftwaffe began massive attacks on Britain to destroy its air defenses. Britain held firm during the Blitz despite devastating destruction to English cities. The British resistance convinced Hitler to postpone the invasion but he continued the bombing attacks.

A Grand Alliance Great Britain (Winston Churchill) The U.S. (FDR) The Big Three Great Britain (Winston Churchill) The U.S. (FDR) The Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin) Strategies for War Defeat Germany first

Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan

Gloomy Prospects for the Allied Powers By the end of 1942, the Allies faced defeat. The chain of spectacular victories disguised fatal weaknesses within the Axis alliance: Japan and Germany fought separate wars, each on two fronts. They never coordinated strategies. The early defeats also obscured the Allies’ strengths: The manpower of the Soviet Union and the productive capacity of the United States.

Invasion of the Soviet Union It was then that Hitler made his pivotal mistake. He invaded the Soviet Union. The obliteration of Bolshevism was a key element of Hitler’s ideology; however, it was a gigantic military mistake. On June 22, 1941, Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa, consisting of an attack army of 4 million men spread out along a 2,000-mile front in three massive offensives. The German army quickly advanced, but at a terrifying cost. For the next three years, 90 percent of German deaths would happen on the eastern front.

Operation Barbarossa With your partner you will read the article. Complete the questions, fill in the blank and vocab questions.

War in the Pacific The Japanese have declared war on the United States. The bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941. Battle Results A large majority of the U.S Pacific Fleet are destroyed or damaged War Results Major Japanese victory U.S Declaration of War on Japan Germany and Italy Declare War on U.S (Tripartite Pact) U.S Declares War on Germany and Italy

The Pacific Theater Within 6 months of Pearl Harbor, Japan had a new empire. Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere Japanese racial purity and supremacy Treated Chinese and Koreans with brutality. “Rape of Nanjing”- Japanese slaughtered at least 100,000 civilians and raped thousands of women in the Chinese capital between Dec. 1937 and Feb. 1938. “victory disease”-Japan thought they were invincible After Pearl Harbor, American military leaders focused on halting the Japanese advance and mobilizing the whole nation for war.

Pearl Harbor- USS Arizona Memorial

The Pacific Theater: Early Battles American Forces halted the Japanese advances in two decisive naval battles. Coral Sea (May 1942) U.S. stopped a fleet convoying Japanese troops to New Guinea Japanese designs on Australia ended Midway (June 1942) While watching write down: What was the Japanese strategy? What was the American strategy? What was the result of the battle?

What was the Japanese strategy? They are preparing a sneak attack. They want to take out the American aircraft carriers because that is all that is left of the fleet. Wanting to capture Midway to induce fear that it is close to the American shore line. What was the American strategy? They know the Japanese code and figure out the secret mission. They want to ambush the Japanese with aircraft and inflict as much damage as possible. Want to prove they can win. What was the result of the battle? America did lose planes and a ship, but America was able to destroy multiple Japanese ships, many planes and killed thousands of Japanese soldiers. It proved that America could win the war in the Pacific. Japan didn’t have the resources to replenish their fleets.

Importance of Midway Japanese Admiral Yamamoto hoped to capture Midway Island as a base to attack Pearl Harbor again. U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz caught the Japanese by surprise and sank 3 of the 4 aircraft carriers, 332 planes, and 3500 men. The Japanese defeat at Midway was the turning point in the Pacific. Japanese advances stopped. U.S. assumes initiative. Japanese have shortage of able pilots. Censorship and Propaganda News of the defeat was kept from the Japanese public.

HOMEWORK: American Perspective of Pearl Harbor Read the information on the paper and formulate a response to the question about the new American perspective.

Bell Ringer Why was Operation Barbarossa a turning point in WWII? IF YOU WERE ABSENT GET YOUR WORK OUT OF THE FOLDERS ON MY CART IF YOU TOOK HOME THE WORKSHEET TURN IT IN TO THE TRAY

Mobilization In the U.S. The war effort required all of America’s huge productive capacity and full employment of the workforce. Government expenditures soared. U.S. budget increases 1940 $9 million 1944 $100 million Expenditures in WWII greater than all previous government budgets combined (150 years)

Restoration of U.S. Prosperity World War II ended the Great Depression. Factories run at full capacity Ford Motor Company – one bomber plane per hour People save money (rationing) Army bases in South provide economic boom (most bases in South b/c of climate) The national debt grew to $260 billion (6 times its size on Dec. 7, 1941)

The Home Front Individually read pg. 249-250. Answer the three questions in complete sentences. Then with a partner complete the charts on pg. 251.

Positive or Negative? What negative outcomes came from WWII? Can we see any connections to the world today? What positive outcomes came from WWII?

The Manpower Effort While you watch this archive footage from 1943 you will take notes into the four columns. What jobs are women doing? What jobs are men doing? What are the problems with the manpower effort? What are the benefits of the manpower effort?

The Turn of the Tide in Europe Defeat of the Axis Powers The turning point of the war came in 1942-43. Allied victory in North Africa was followed by an invasion of Italy, which stopped the Axis powers’ string of victories. The decisive theater of war, however, was the eastern front.

Turning Points of the War: The Battle of Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the war. The German Army (Wehrmacht) had already lost 2 million men on the eastern front. In 1942-43, a German army of over 300,000 was defeated and captured at the Battle of Stalingrad. The Germans then lost the battle of Kursk and began a long retreat. The Red Army crossed into Poland in January 1944.

Turning Points of the War: Western Front Operation Torch (1943) Allied victory in North Africa and invasion of Italy. D-Day: Operation Overlord The Allied needed to establish a second front. General Dwight Eisenhower launched an invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944. An invasion fleet of some 4,000 ships and 150,000 men (57,000 U.S.) Invasion successful. 5,000 killed and wounded Allied troops. It allowed them to gain a foothold on the continent from which they could push Germany back.

Race to Berlin D-Day was the turning point of the western front. Stalingrad was the turning point of the eastern front. The British, U.S., and Free French armies began to press into western Germany as the Soviets invaded eastern Germany. Both sides raced to Berlin.

Victory in Europe Mussolini was captured and killed by Italian partisans and Hitler committed suicide in April 1945, as the Russian troops took Berlin. Germany surrendered unconditionally on May 7, 1945 (V-E Day). Fighting in the Pacific would continue until August.

Robert Walker and Ernie Pyle Interview Individually read the soldier Robert Walker’s interview about his experience of D-Day. With a partner answer the corresponding questions. Individually read the Ernie Pyle writing. With a partner to complete the corresponding questions. What you do not complete will be homework.

Bell Ringer Describe the issues that America had when attempting to complete Operation Overlord (D-Day). IF YOU WERE ABSENT GET YOUR WORK FROM THE ABSENT FOLDER.

The Beginning of the End in the Pacific Yamamoto is assassinated by the U.S. (April 1943) Loss of Saipan (August 1944) “the naval and military heart and brain of Japanese defense strategy” Political crisis in Japan The government could no longer hide the fact that they were losing the war. Intensive air raids over Japan Iwo Jima (February, 1945) American marines invaded this island, which was needed to provide fighter escort for bombings over Japan

A Grinding War in the Pacific In 1945, the U.S. began targeting people in order to coerce Japan to surrender 66 major Japanese cities bombed 500,000 civilians killed Battle for Leyte Gulf Total blockade of Japan Japanese navy virtually destroyed Kamikaze (divine wind) flights begin Okinawa (April, 1945) All 110,000 Japanese defenders killed U.S. invaded this island, which would provide a staging area for the invasion of the Japanese islands.

Atom Diplomacy FDR had funded the top-secret Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb Dr. Robert Oppenheimer successfully tested in the summer of 1945. FDR had died on April 12, 1945, and the decision was left to Harry Truman.

Turning Points of the War: The Pacific August 6, 1945 – Enola Gay drops bomb on Hiroshima 140,000 dead; tens of thousands injured; radiation sickness; 80% of buildings destroyed August 9, 1945 – Nagasaki 70,000 dead; 60,000 injured Emperor Hirohito surrenders on Aug. 14, 1945. (V-J Day) Formal surrender signed on September 2 onboard the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay

Write What You Are Thinking-Quick Write Based off the video do you feel like the Atomic Bomb was a good strategy for the United States? Was this a fair way to fight? Why or Why Not?

The Atomic Bomb Read the facts and the first person experiences of Japanese people during the atom bombings. Complete the activities on a piece of notebook paper. Be ready to discuss out loud.

My army friend took up the seven skeletons one at a time…his five children, his wife, his mother…and each time stared at the sky. “We soldiers were the ones who were supposed to die.”

Postwar Efforts at Revenge The Nuremberg Trials of 1945-46 After, WWII the Allied powers decided to place on trial the highest-ranking Nazi officers for “crimes against humanity” Allied forces had attempted to do this after WWI, but had released them on the grounds that they “were just following orders” Hitler, Goebbels, and Himmler were dead; but, 22 Nazi leaders (including Goring) were tried at an international military tribunal at Nuremburg, Germany. 12 were sentenced to death. Similar trials occurred in the east and throughout the world. The Tokyo Trial (1946-48)

Postwar Efforts at Peace The United Nations – There was some hope when, in 1945, the United Nations was created; an organization to promote international stability A General Assembly where representatives from all countries could debate international issues. The Security Council had 5 permanent members – U.S., Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China could veto any question of substance. There were also 6 elected members.

Wartime Agreements Unlike WWI, there was no Peace of Paris to reshape Europe. Instead, the Yalta agreement of February 1945, signed by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin, turned the prevailing military balance of power into a political settlement. Potsdam Conference, in suburban Berlin (July 1945)—Truman, Stalin, Churchill – Finalized plans on Germany. Germany would be demilitarized and would remain divided.

Postwar Reality Consequences of World War II Soviet Union with agenda Unlike the isolation after WWI, the U.S. was engaged in world affairs The rise of the US to superpower status.  Japan was temporarily placed under U.S. military rule.

Nuremberg Trials You will be assigned a group. You group will get a folder that has a reading in it. The reading is about a Nazi leader that was up for trial. You will have to decide the charge, the sentence and tell me why you decided those.

Homework Complete “The War in the Pacific” reading and questions. There will be a quiz tomorrow over the past three days information.