Chapter 8: Arrival In Canada

A Brief History: Who Discovered North America? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7HxCsPho34 Keep in mind…. We learned last Chapter that the first inhabitants were the First Nations Peoples – Who were the first Europeans to discover to North America? Who’s journey to North America was most significant for the discovery of North America?

Read the Introduction on pg. 216 Answer the Following questions in your Cornell Notes: “ What does it mean to colonize?” “What was the major reason why Europeans wanted to travel to and explore North America?” “ Where did the French colonize and why? What was their colony called?”

The Vikings After the First Nations Peoples, but long before the Europeans, the Vikings were the first explorers of Canada. They explored N.A. 524 years before the French Definitions: “ To go Viking” means to go on an overseas expedition “A Viking” on the other hand, is a person who participates on an overseas expedition

A Short History of the Vikings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xIy7FoiaQY While watching this video – try & look for the following: Where were the Vikings from?? Which areas of land did the Vikings rule in North America?? The Viking Age was over by the which century?

The French Explorers 1524: Voyage #1 Explorer: Why?? Outcome?? Giovanni Verrazano In hopes to find the “Northwest Passage” to Asia He realized that North America was not a group of islands, but a real continent

Journal Activity #1 In your Cornell Notes, write the title: Journal Entry #1 – My voyages to North America In this Journal Entry, you will pretend to be Jacques Cartier, the French explorer that went on the next two voyages after Giovanni Verrazano. You will write TWO paragraphs using full sentences – one on your first voyage and the second on your second voyage. In this journal entry, you must talk about the following information for each paragraph: Who sent you to North America. When & Why were you sent on this voyage? Where did you explore on your Voyage? What was the outcome of your trip?

Lesson 1 – Heads up Review Game!

Colonize

Settler

Caterpillar

Viking

Justin Bieber

The Northwest Passage

Giovanni Verrazano

Harry Potter

Jacques Cartier

You have TEN minutes to complete your Journal Entry on Jacques Cartier Guidelines: In this Journal Entry, you will pretend to be Jacques Cartier, the French explorer that went on the next two voyages after Giovanni Verrazano. You will write TWO paragraphs using full sentences – one on your first voyage and the second on your second voyage. In this journal entry, you must talk about the following information for each paragraph: Who sent you to North America. When & Why were you sent on this voyage? Where did you explore on your Voyage? What was the outcome of your trip?

Quick Recap…. Voyage #2 (Ten years after voyage #1) Explorer: Jacques Cartier Who Sent him? The King of France When? 1534 Why?? In hopes to find the “Northwest Passage” to Asia Where did he explore? the land surrounding the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Outcome? Cartier kidnapped 2 sons of a local Iroquois Chief and returned to France

The Second Voyage in 1534

Quick Recap…. Explorer: Jacques Cartier Why?? To further explore the Voyage #3 (1 year later) Explorer: Jacques Cartier Why?? To further explore the St. Lawrence River that he discovered on Voyage #2 & to continue the search for the Northwest Passage When? 1535 Where did he explore? & Who did he explore with? The St. Lawrence River – with the 2 Iroquois boys he kidnapped – they acted as guides Outcome? They found Two communities: Stadacona near the beginning of the St. Lawrence River (near present-day Quebec City) Hochelaga further down the St. Lawrence River (which is present-day Montreal) Cartier then kidnapped ten more Iroquois and returned back to France

The Third Voyage in 1535

1542: Voyage #4 Explorer : Sieur de Roberval (Sieur means Lord) Why?? To establish a French Colony in North America Outcome? The voyage failed and the French were unable to establish a colony in North America

Quick Recap… French Explorers went on how many Voyages total?? 4 Voyages Voyage # Explorer 1 Giovanni Verrazano 2 Jacques Cartier 3 4 Sieur de Roberval

The Beginning of the Fur Trade The European colony in North America existed to raise money and make profits for their home land (in Europe). Europeans made good money fishing, but they made even more profits from beautiful furs The Native Peoples also liked the idea of the fur trade. Why do you think the Native Peoples liked the idea of the fur trade? There were so many fur-bearing animals that were easy to hunt for their pelts Europeans had many goods that were not available to the Native Peoples

English & Dutch Colonization In 1610 – the Dutch settled on the Hudson River After the Dutch settled, they continued searching for the Northwest Passage, but ended up exploring the Artic and claimed territories as they went. Henry Hudson - was the Dutchman who discovered the Hudson River & Hudson’s Bay

The Founding of New France Voyage #5 Explorer: Samuel de Champlain Who sent him? The King of France When was he sent? 1604 Why was he sent? to set up trading posts in Canada (for the Fur Trade) What was in it for him? He was given a monopoly on the fur trade for establishing a French Colony Defn. Monopoly – complete control of the service and supply of goods

In 1605 – Champlain established the first post called “Port Royal” in present-day Nova Scotia – it was not a success

1608 – Established a second post at Quebec Champlain formed an alliance with the Huron people to use their trading connections and routes.

The Huron Is the First Nations group that was closely related to the Iroquois The Huron were a great alliance for the French because they had many economic advantages such as…… ???? Located near bodies of water so fishing was excellent Vegetation provided resources resources The land and soil was perfect for agriculture (corn, beans, pumpkins and squash)

Champlain’s trading posts in New France were taken over by The Company of a Hundred Associates. This was a company was a business attempt created by France that was required to bring settlers to New France This company ended up being a business failure and went bankrupt The Jesuits were Roman Catholic Priests who were partners with this Company of a Hundred Associates The Jesuits travelled to New France with the CHA and went on ‘missions’ in attempts to convert the Hurons to Catholicism

Province of New France in Canada After Champlain died, only a few French remained in New France. The Company of one Hundred Associates (CHA) failed to bring settlers to New France and the Iroquois controlled much of the Fur Trade Because the Iroquois were in control – they began to increase prices and cut the French profits (how much money they make on their trades) ….so French trading posts weren’t looking too good at this time These conditions remained for about 25 years before the French of New France called the King of France for help

List the FOUR French Explorers we have learnt about in this Chapter

Who were the Vikings &Where were they from?

Before the first voyage…. What was the main reason why Europeans wanted to travel to and explore North America?

Which French Explorer discovered that North America was not a set of Islands, but it’s own continent?

What does Colonization mean?

When did the first French Voyage occur?

Which French Explorer kidnapped Iroquois on his Voyages?

Who was the French Explorer who first attempted to establish the colony of New France?

Who were the Jesuits?

Mercantilism Became very popular in the 1500’s and main reason countries wanted to colonize to new lands https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bouw3MvmrYM Answer the following questions: What is Mercantilism? What makes profits large?? Why would New France be a great colony to benefit France – the “Home Country”?? *** Read “The Role of Mercantilism in Colonization” on page 237 for more information

Quick Recap… What is Mercantilism?? An economic system where the government controls the foreign trades Example: France gov’t controlling trading posts in North America What makes Profits large for France?? When they spend a small amount of money on the raw materials from the colonies in North America; then they create goods from those raw materials that they then sell for more money. Example: Buying wood from a trading post in NA, manufacturing furniture out of that wood and then selling it for more $$ A country achieves wealth when it is exporting more goods than it imports. Example: When France is manufacturing and exporting more furniture than it is buying and importing the wood and resources from trading posts

Government in New France In 1663 – The king of France (Louis XIV) made New France a Royal Colony King Louis XIV Talon Frontenac

Parking Lot Activity For pages 239-246 – “Life in New France,” “Rivalry & Conflicts” & “Seven Years War” You will be put into small groups and assigned a station with a poster. Groups will have 10 minutes to complete the question on your poster as a group - record the answer on your worksheet and on the poster Once time is up, groups will rotate stations and write down the information from the poster on their worksheet