Sudan Black Africans vs Arab Africans Janjaweed militia Starvation crisis UN World Food Program not enough help/not getting food to those who need it Oil influences China, Russia, and Quatar US troops killed and bodies dragged through the streets; Pakastani and Malaysian troops killed too Questionable ties to al-Qaeda

DRC Two civil wars, one connected directly to Rwanda Multiple parties and Congo military FDRC Sexual violence, child soldiers, forced displacement, etc. FDLR leaders are peretrators of Rwandan genocide Many resources/minerals located in DRC drew multiple nations attention to the crisis

Similarities -Legacy of Colonialism -Economic Rivalry -Government Instability -Dictatorship -Ethnic Violence -Refugee/relocations - civil war and questions of Critical Humanitarian Intervention arise

Africa’s Economic Struggles Objective: Analyze the impact of social and political issues on the economies of Africa

Hyperinflation Stick Figure Logic: The Truth about Hyperinflation

The issue of debt Struggling economy= diminished government revenues African governments are barely able to meet citizens basic needs, let alone have money to spend on infrastructure, education or modernization foreign aid or foreign loans to facilitate “development” When a nation’s economy struggles, government revenues are also diminished. And, without significant incomes, African governments are barely able to meet citizens basic needs, let alone have money to spend on infrastructure, education or modernization. Many African nations turned to foreign aid or foreign loans to facilitate “development”

The issue of debt

The issue of debt Since gaining their independence from European colonial rulers, African countries have accumulated massive debts to foreign governments, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Don’t forget how many African nations have experienced war…and the economic consequences that go along with war!

What is the World Bank? Since 1944 and has 188 countries participating The main goal is to fight poverty One of the main things the Bank does to help combat poverty is provide loans to countries that need money The World Bank has been in operation since 1944 and has 188 countries participating. Main goal is to fight poverty. To combat this, the WB gives loans to countries in need. It also provides business advice along with the money, and helps countries and companies work together to build up the economies of those poor countries

What is the IMF? An organization that works to develop economic cooperation among countries The main goal is to help the world economy grow and create high levels of employment It also gives emergency loans to countries that need immediate help The IMF, or International Monetary Fund, is also an organization that works to develop economic cooperation among countries. The main goal is to help the world economy grow and create high levels of employment. It also gives emergency loans to countries that need immediate help. Countries may borrow money to pay for needed products, to pay debts, or to clean up and rebuild after a natural disaster. Difference with IMF is when they give money you must follow their stipulations and follow through with their “suggestions.”

The issue of debt With little money to pay back the debts, the interest has built up over the years, making the debts completely unmanageable. Rather than having money to spend on education or healthcare, African governments are forced to pay on long- overdue loans or face losing foreign aid.

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) 38 countries, 32 of them in Sub-Saharan Africa

Debt Forgiveness Though some countries/organizations have excused Africa’s debts, the poor nations owe some much they continue to fall further behind financially.

The Fastest Billion

Africa’s Economy Now, read and annotate your assigned text Complete the Non-fiction assignment sheet Be prepared to share and discuss your analysis with the class Homework (if not completed prior to the end of the period today) Objectives: Analyze the development economies on the African continent

Can we just continue to give? Aid vs. Capitalism Real economic growth Bono- capitalism lifts people out of economic problems https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAjKyEGDlXA