African Languages 2000 languages in Africa
2000 languages in Africa 4 major language families African Languages 2000 languages in Africa 4 major language families
African Languages
Afro-Asiatic languages African Languages Afro-Asiatic languages
Nilo-Saharan languages African Languages Nilo-Saharan languages
Niger-Kordofanian languages African Languages Niger-Kordofanian languages
African Languages Khoisan languages
African Languages Swahili is native language of 5-15 million people Is official language of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
African Languages Many Africans have native language, use Swahili, English, French in school
African Languages Many Africans have native language, use Swahili, English, French in school Many African languages use tone Clicks are found in Khoisan languages
African Languages African words in English Jumbo Goober Banjo Safari Zombie Jazz Cola Yam Juke(box)
Chinese Chinese refers to a number of languages Mandarin, Cantonese, Hunanese, Min, Gan, Hakka, Wu
Chinese Chinese refers to a number of languages Mandarin, Cantonese, Hunanese, Min, Gan, Hakka, Wu They are NOT mutually intelligible
Chinese Chinese refers to a number of languages Mandarin, Cantonese, Hunanese, Min, Gan, Hakka, Wu They are NOT mutually intelligible Mandarin is official language of China
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese Why is Chinese hard to learn? 50,000 Characters 2500 needed to read newspaper 8000 known by educated person
Chinese Why is Chinese hard to learn? 50,000 Characters 2500 needed to read newspaper 8000 known by educated person Lack of cognates
Chinese Why is Chinese hard to learn? 50,000 Characters 2500 needed to read newspaper 8000 known by educated person Lack of cognates Tone Cantonese TongueTwister
Chinese What is easy about Chinese? Morphology: one word one morpheme No obligatory tense Past can be marked with le Continuous marked with ne
Chinese What is easy about Chinese? Morphology: one word one morpheme No obligatory tense Past can be marked with le Continuous marked with ne Compare to English eat, eats, eating, eaten, ate Compare Spanish: comes, comia, comeriamos, comio . . .
Japanese
Japanese Japanese is not related to Chinese Japanese borrowed Chinese characters
Japanese has 3 alphabets Kanji Borrowed Chinese symbols Logographic
Japanese Japanese has 3 alphabets Kanji Borrowed Chinese symbols Logographic Hiragana Phonetic syllabary used for Japanese words
Japanese Japanese has 3 alphabets Kanji Borrowed Chinese symbols Logographic Hiragana Phonetic syllabary used for Japanese words Katakana Phonetic syllabary used for foreign words
Japanese has borrowed many English words
Japanese Japanese has borrowed many English words Idol > aidoru Answer > ansa Desk > desuku McDonalds > Macudonarudo Sexual harrassment > sekuhara One piece > wanpisu
Japanese Japanese words in English Honcho Judo, Karate, Jujistu Emoji Tycoon Edamame Hibachi Ramen Soy Tofu
Why is Japanese hard? Writing system
Why is Japanese hard? Writing system (but no tone)
Japanese Why is Japanese hard? Writing system (but no tone) Different language depending on gender of speakers, level of formality
Japanese
Japanese Japanese honorifics
Indian languages belong to different families
India There are over 1600 language in India There are about 22 major languages
India
India
Each language has its own alphabet India Each language has its own alphabet
Hindi is used as a lingua franca (Bollywood) India Hindi is used as a lingua franca (Bollywood)
India Hindi is used as a lingua franca (Bollywood) India is second largest English-speaking country English is used as a lingua franca
In schools Indians learn mother tongue, Hindi, and English
India In schools Indians learn mother tongue, Hindi, and English Hinglish is code switching between Hindi and English Found in Bollywood films
Urdu and Hindi Are mutually intelligible
India Urdu and Hindi Are mutually intelligible Urdu in Pakistan, Hindi in India Urdu speakers are Muslim Hindi speakers are Hindu History of religious intolerance
India Urdu and Hindi Are mutually intelligible Urdu in Pakistan, Hindi in India Urdu speakers are Muslim Hindi speakers are Hindu History of religious intolerance Hindi written in Devengari Urdu written in Arabic
India Indian words in English Bandanna Bungalow Candy Punch Chop Ginger Jungle Shampoo Orange
What language should be universal? Esperanto What language should be universal?
What language should be universal? Choosing one shows preference Esperanto What language should be universal? Choosing one shows preference
Esperanto What language should be universal? Choosing one shows preference People have prejudices about languages/speakers
Esperanto What language should be universal? Choosing one shows preference People have prejudices about languages/speakers Using invented language eliminates problem
Esperanto was invented in Poland in 1887 Vocabulary is European based
Esperanto Esperanto was invented in Poland in 1887 Vocabulary is European based Has no irregularities
Esperanto Esperanto was invented in Poland in 1887 Vocabulary is European based Has no irregularities Never really caught on People have conferences, translate books
Esperanto Esperanto was invented in Poland in 1887 Vocabulary is European based Has no irregularities Never really caught on People have conferences, translate books Fanatics teach it to children
Tolkien started it: elf, dwarf languages Invented Languages Tolkien started it: elf, dwarf languages
Invented Languages Tolkien started it: elf, dwarf languages Some were devised as lingua francas (Volapuk, Esperanto
Invented Languages Linguist Marc Okrand asked to invent Klingon He published grammar and dictionary He made it as different from most human languages as possible All languages allow CV, not Klingon Object Verb Subject order (odd) Birds shot I
Invented Languages Klingon alphabet
Klingon language institute Klingon religious texts translation Invented Languages Klingon language institute Klingon religious texts translation
I am a child of God