Beyond the Obvious, beyond Logic Han van der Meer Enschede, August 29, 2018

Our Working Definition Creativity is the Process that leads to Novel and Usefull Solutions to given open problems (based on Amabile, 1996)

Agenda Introduction Concepts Experience Wrapping it up

Professional 1976 Chemical Engineering UTwente 1979 Business Engineering UTwente 1979- 2017 2017 Yuvenal 2006-now TU Delft Management of Innovation 2007-now Professor and chair Saxion University

Our Working Definition Creativity is the Process that leads to Novel and Usefull Solutions to given open problems (based on Amabile, 1996)

Open and closed problems

The Way we solve Problems Natural behavior, enforced by education, enforced by a lifetime experience Use it deliberate, break it when needed

Basic rules solving open problems in groups Clear roles Rules for each stage Clear Problem Statement

Clear roles Problem Owner Facilitator Resource Group

Clear Roles Resource Group Facilitator Problem Owner

60 sec. Challenge short introduction hobby → passion

Basic rules solving open problems in groups Clear roles Rules for each stage Clear Problem Statement

Natural process idea solutions

Generating - Selecting Diverging - Converging

iCPS basic module Task appraisal Divergence Clustering Convergence Reflection

Basic module Divergent - Convergent

The Work of Guilford 1959 Fluency Flexibility Originality

Write down as much uses you can think of for a brick. Exercise Write down as much uses you can think of for a brick. 5 minutes

Write down as much uses you can think of for a brick. Exercise Write down as much uses you can think of for a brick. 5 minutes

The Work of Guilford 1959 Fluency Flexibility Originality

Defer judgement Strive for quantity Seek combinations Freewheel Golden Rules of Diverging/Generating Defer judgement Strive for quantity Seek combinations Freewheel

Generate in 1 minute as much FRUITS

Extended effort Energy Time 1st wave 2nd wave 3rd wave Everyday Common Expected Unusual Silly Little apparent usefulness Novel combined with useful 1st wave 2nd wave 3rd wave Time Energy Bron: Parnes, 1968

Basic rules solving open problems in groups Clear roles Rules for each stage Rules embedded in Techniques Clear Problem Statement

Defer judgement Strive for quantity Seek combinations Freewheel Golden Rules of Diverging/Generating Defer judgement Strive for quantity Seek combinations Freewheel

Methods based on stimulating Fluency Classical Brainstorming Brainstorming with Post Its Brainwriting 6.3.5 Fluency Enhancers

Classical Brainstorming (Osborn, 1953)

Brainstorming with Post Its SeriousCreativity – Katrina Heijne

Brainwriting 6.3.5. In what ways might we use recycled plastics 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fluency enhancers What else? Ask for more “at least 3 options more each” What if…………? Wildest Idea SCAMPER

SCAMPER Simplify Combine Adjust Maximize or minimize Perspective change Eliminate Reuse or Reverse Osborne, 1953

The Work of Guilford 1959 Fluency Flexibility Originality

solutions for other field Methods based on creative confrontation (flexibility, Guilford) Basic principle Force an ‘AHA-experience’ through conscious alienation from the problem (excursion) and relating the strange elements to the problem (force fit) problem as given problem in other field solutions for other field new solutions forced fit excursion

Some Creative Confrontation Methods Hidden presumptions Criminal Round Ask Nature (and other metaphors) Heroes Random Stimulus (de Bono, 1978) Synectics TRIZ Guided Fantasy

Let’s play ball Since 1798 ownership city council (tower only) 700 or more € (maintenance etc.) is rather high Religious use low So……………..

Basic rules solving open problems in groups Clear roles Rules for each stage Clear Problem Statement

SeriousCreativity - Katrina Heijne – 11 November 2016 SPARKling statement Specific (the essence in one question) Positive (no denials, no criteria) Ambitious (energizing, active) Relevant (feasible, dedicated problem owner) Keep it simple (to the point, easy to understand, no jargon) SeriousCreativity - Katrina Heijne – 11 November 2016

..find other uses of Curchtowers or How might you use Churchtowers?

..find other uses of Curchtowers or How might you use Churchtowers? Flower association Brainstorming with Post Its

Flower association

Guidelines for using Post-its Make Your Responses... Readable - Write them clearly, legibly and large enough to be seen Concise - Keep them brief, use “telegraphic” form Specific - Share the essence, one option per Post-it

OK, we have 531 ideas… Now what? SeriousCreativity – Katrina Heijne

Generating - Selecting Diverging - Converging

Choose now intuitively the best idea in the pile in front of you

Our Working Definition Creativity is the Process that leads to Novel and Usefull Solutions to given open problems (based on Amabile, 1996)

Creadox The paradox in CPS in diverging we look for Novel in converging we choose the feasible, the Usefull free after Byttebier (2007)

Golden rules Convergent stage 1. Use Affirmative Judgement 2. Have Action in mind 3. Protect Novelty

Mortality curve 3000 15 10 5 1e screening Number of ideas evaluation time 1 successful product 3000 15 5 10 introduction development evaluation 1e screening

Most used Convergent Techniques Hits or Dots UALo MCA Financial Methods

Characteristics of a “Hit” An Option “Hits” You When It Is ... On target Relevant Interesting Clear Intriguing Fascinating Workable “Right on the money” Conservatism Red dots (original) + Green dots (feasible)

Characteristics of a “Hit” An Option “Hits” You When It Is ... On target Relevant Interesting Clear Intriguing Fascinating Workable “Right on the money” Conservatism Red dots (original) + Green dots (feasible) √ number of ideas

Now choose the idea you would like to suggest to the NVG and pitch it Converging Now choose the idea you would like to suggest to the NVG and pitch it

Our Working Definition Creativity is the Process that leads to Novel and Usefull Solutions to given open problems (based on Amabile, 1996)

Creadox The paradox in CPS in diverging we look for Novel in converging we choose the feasible, the Usefull free after Byttebier (2007)

Golden rules Convergent stage 1. Use Affirmative Judgement 2. Have Action in mind 3. Protect Novelty

Characteristics of a “Hit” An Option “Hits” You When It Is ... On target Relevant Interesting Clear Intriguing Fascinating Workable “Right on the money” Conservatism Red dots (original) + Green dots (feasible)

Characteristics of a “Hit” An Option “Hits” You When It Is ... On target Relevant Interesting Clear Intriguing Fascinating Workable “Right on the money” Conservatism Red dots (original) + Green dots (feasible) √ number of ideas

Final selection Choice the idea you want to present today “on stage” (It can be a combination of several ideas) Make a TV commercial of 3 minutes to sell your idea to the audience 3. Have action in mind

Agenda Introduction Concepts Experience Wrapping it up

Basic rules solving open problems in groups Clear roles Rules for each stage Clear Problem Statement

CPS (Creative Problem Solving) model fact finding divergent option generation problem finding idea finding convergent option selection solution finding Osborn (1953) Buffalo, New York acceptance finding Osborne Parnes model

Adjusted model Fact finding Acceptance finding Content finding divergent convergent

iCPS Project Management Acceptance Finding Information Content Finding

iCPS basic module in Content Finding Task appraisal Diverging Reverging Converging iCPS basic module in Content Finding Reflecting

Creative Diamond (“ Wybertje”) Diverging Clustering Converging

Basic rules for clustering Grouping ideas type by type by looking at Simple outside characteristics (shape, colour, taste, smell, ..) Relations with the problem (organisational, technical, market, ..) Other formal characteristics (material, costs, ownership,…..) Spontaneous by the participants (most used technique)

Spontaneous Clustering Look for “similar” ideas (resemblance) Put them in categories (clusters) approx. 7 Spontaneous (no lists/theories from books) Rest category = Other Rename the cluster with an attractive title Let the resource group do it

Facilitator’s view on 3 diamonds iCPS-model

The ideas mountain 3000 plain ideas (unwritten) 300 introduced ideas 125 small projects 15 significant developments 8 largest developments 4 launches 1 success Source: Stevens & Burley, Industrial Research Institute, 2000

Financial Performance Ideas pay Ideas nurtured per day 115 Number of ideas Top 18 Moderate 1 Poor Low High Financial Performance Source: PriceWaterhouseCoopers 2008

Counter intuïtive 1. Role rigidity (problem owner, facilitator, resource group) 2. Separate 4 stages - task - divergent - convergent - result / action 3. Divergent stage: more options 4. Convergent stage: affirmative judgement

Basic rules solving open problems in groups Clear roles Rules for each stage Rules embedded in Techniques Clear Problem Statement

Techniques are personal My personal favorite Guided Fantasy