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Description The goal of Introduction to Information Systems is to teach undergraduate business majors how to use information technology to master their current or future jobs. Students develop a working understanding of information systems and information technology and learn how to apply concepts to successfully facilitate business processes. This product demonstrates that IT is a key component of any business, whether a student is majoring in Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Human Resources, or Production/Operations Management.

Introduction to InformationSystems Chapter 1

CHAPTER OUTLINE Why Should I Study Information Systems? Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems How Does IT Impact Organizations? Why Are Information Systems Important to Society?

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Begin the process of becoming an informed user of your organization’s information systems. Define the terms data, information, and knowledge, and give examples of each. Define the terms information technology, information system, computer-based information system, and application. Identify three ways in which you depend on information technology in your daily life. Discuss three ways in which information technology can impact managers and three ways in which it can impact non-managerial managers. List three positive and three negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology.

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Why Should I Study Information Systems? Homo Conexus: You are the most connected generation in history. You practice continuous computing. You are surrounded by a personal, movable information network. Your personal information network is created by constant cooperation between: the digital devices you carry; the wired and wireless networks that you access as you move about; Web-based tools for finding information and communicating and collaborating with other people. You can pull information from the Web and push your ideas back to the Web.

THE INFORMED USER YOU! An informed user is a person knowledgeable about information systems and information technology, IT skills open many doors because IT is so widely used.

WHY BE AN INFORMED USER? Reasons why you should be an informed user: You will benefit more from your organization’s IT applications because you will understand what is “behind” those applications. You will be in a position to enhance the quality of your organization’s IT applications with your input. Even as a new graduate, you will quickly be in a position to recommend the IT applications that your organization will use. Being an informed user will keep you abreast of both new information technologies and rapid developments in existing technologies. You will understand how using IT can improved your organizations performance and teamwork as well as your own productivity.

DIGITAL NOMADS A digital nomad is someone who uses information technologies such as smart phones, wireless Internet access, and Web- based applications to work remotely from anywhere.

IT OFFERS CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IT is vital to the operation of modern business, it offers many employment opportunities such as: Chief Information Officer (CIO), IS Director, Project Manager, Systems Analyst, Database Administrator, Operations Manager, Webmaster For further details about current careers in IT see:

Traditional Major IS Functions Managing systems development and systems project management Managing computer operations Staffing, training, developing IS skills Providing technical services Infrastructure planning, development, control

New (Consultative) IS Functions Initiating and designing strategic information systems Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce into the business Managing system integration Educating non-IS managers about IT Educating IS staff about the business Supporting end-user computing Partnering with executives Managing outsourcing Innovate Ally with vendors and IS departments in other organizations

Information Systems as a functional area Other names: MIS Department Information Systems Department Information Technology Department Information Services Department Deals with: “Planning for - and the development, management, and use of - IT tools to help people perform all the tasks related to information processing and management” (p.12)

Definition of Information System According to Rainer and Cegielski: Information Systems collect, process, store, analyze, and disseminate information for a specific purpose. The purpose of IS: to get the right information to the right people at the right time in the right amount and in the right format to support business process and decision making.

Definition of Information System IS – a set of interrelated components working together to collect, retrieve, process, store, and distribute information for the purpose of facilitating planning, control, coordination, analysis, and decision making in business organizations

DEFINITIONS Information technology (IT) Relates to any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and to support the information and information- processing needs of an organization.

Technology – the means by which data is transformed and organized for business use: Hardware Software Database Telecommunication People – the users of IS Organization -- a collection of functional units working together to achieve a common goal

Goal of Information Systems: “economically process data into information or knowledge” Fig_1-2

COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS Binary code, the foundation of information and knowledge is the key to making complex decisions. Data Items. Elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning. Information. Data organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient. Knowledge. Data and/or information organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.

CBIS Computer-based information systems are information systems that use computer technology to perform some or all of their intended tasks. The basic components of computer- based information systems are: Hardware is a device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard or printer Software is a program or collection of programs that enable hardware to process data. Database is a collection of related files or tables containing data. Network is a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources. Procedures are the set of instructions about how to combine the above components in order to process information and generate the desired output. People are those individuals who use the hardware and software, interface with it, or uses its output.

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Transaction processing systems (TPS) Management information systems (MIS) Decision support systems (DSS) Expert systems (ES) Communications systems Collaboration systems Office automation systems

APPLICATION PROGRAMS An application (or app) is a computer program designed to support a specific task or business process. An application (or app) is a computer program designed to support a specific task or business process. (A synonymous term is application program.) The collection of application systems in a single department is usually referred to as a departmental information system (also known as a functional area information system). For example, the collection of application systems in the human resources area is called the human resources information system (HRIS).

IT Architecture of Online Travel Agency

IT Components, IT Platform, IT Services, and IT Infrastructure

Business Information Systems Information systems that support a business and its employees Types: Breadth of support (functional area) Functional (or departmental) information systems Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP) Inter-organizational information systems E-commerce systems Organizational level (organizational structure) Clerical, operational, managerial, knowledge-work, strategic, etc.

Information Systems Inside Your Organization

Transaction Processing Systems “Monitor, collect, store, and process data generated from all business transactions.” (p. 280) TPS must be able to: Efficiently handle high volumes of data, Avoid errors, Handle large variations in volume, Avoid downtime, Never lose results, Maintain privacy and security, record results accurately and efficiently Data is collected using Source Data Automation capture data at its source in a form that can be directly entered into the computer (bar-code scanning technology)

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Rudy Giuliani checking out of a Wal-Mart using a bar code scanner that produces data captured by a transaction processing system Note: the barcode scanner is an example of source data automation

Digital Dashboards Dashboards: Provide rapid access to timely information. Provide direct access to management reports. Are very user friendly and supported by graphics.

Example of a Dashboard

Executive Dashboard Demo http://www.dashboardcompany.com/demos/Dashbo ardInsight_Brand_Demo.html http://www.informationbuilders.com/rfr/qtde mo/AdvVis_ExecDash/AdvVis_ExecDash.html

How does IT impact organizations? Impact on Managers Impact on Employes

Importance of Information Systems to Society Improved Quality of Life Robot Revolution Industrial Robots Telepresence Robot Surgical Robot Improvements in Healthcare