Calcium Chloride Ammonium Chloride

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Presentation transcript:

Calcium Chloride Ammonium Chloride Demo Calcium Chloride Ammonium Chloride CaCl2 NH4Cl feels _______ feels ______ Heat flows where? into or out of ? into or out of ? warmer cooler 40 g CaCl2 (100 mL Water) AND 30 g NH4Cl (100 mL)

Law of Conservation of Energy: In all chemical or physical processes, energy is neither created nor destroyed (it must go somewhere) system: the chemical reactants and products in the reaction surroundings: everything else around (hands, thermometer, etc.)

CaCl2 NH4Cl Exothermic: system releases heat to surroundings Endothermic: system absorbs heat from surroundings feels warmer temp up feels cooler temp down

Total Energy Constant (KE + PE) Heat Energy (KE) Chemical Energy (PE)

Potential Energy (PE) Diagram (bonds broken) (PE) PEreac Eact(+) (weak bonds break) H(–) PEprod (strong bonds form) Stronger Bonds: lower PE (more needed to break)

(energy released when bonds form) High PE chemical bond Low PE (energy released when bonds form) High PE (energy absorbed when bonds break) + +

EXOthermic energy released “feels” warmer Potential Energy (PE) – (stronger) (lower PE) Rxn Progress

ENDOthermic Potential Energy (PE) energy absorbed + “feels” cooler (stronger) (lower PE) Rxn Progress

Describe the direction of heat flow as water melts. from ___________ to ___________ ENDOthermic surroundings water

During freezing weather, farmers protect citrus crops by spraying them with water. This is because... as water cools, it releases a lot of heat (EXO–) to the oranges.

Quick Quiz! 1. The energy released when a piece of wood is burned has been stored in the wood as ___________. sunlight energy heat energy calories chemical potential energy

Quick Quiz. 2. Which of the following statements about heat is FALSE? Heat is a measure of temperature. Heat always flows from warmer objects to cooler objects. Adding heat can increase the amount of energy of an object. Heat flows because of a difference in temperature.

Quick Quiz. 3. Fill in the blanks: In an endothermic process, the system ________ heat when heat is ________ its surroundings, so the surroundings _____________. gains, absorbed from, cool down. loses, released to, heat up. gains, absorbed from, heat up. loses, released to, cool down.