Lesson 1 Golden ages of China Chapter 13 Lesson 1 Golden ages of China

I Dynasties of China Dynasty-Series of rulers from the same family China has been ruled by many different dynasties (until early 1920’s) Han dynasty ruled from 206 BC to AD 220. After collapse China broke up into kingdoms Sui Dynasty ruled from 518 AD to 618 AD. United North and South for the first time

E. Tang Dynasty Tang overthrew Sui in 618 and ruled for 300 years Capital was Chang’an. City had a population of about 1 million Culture included music, art and poetry Finished the Grand Canal, which connected Northern and Southern China. This allowed farmers to get grain to the capital. It linked the Huang and Chiang rivers

5. Greatest ruler was Tang Taizong (p. 366) a. Reformed government by using Confucius’s ideas in government b. Gave land to peasant farmers 6. Used Silk Road trade routes 7. Studied science and created inventions (gunpowder, vaccines) 8. 850 AD-control of westernmost lands had weakened. Fighting among groups caused the end of dynasty

F. Song Dynasty Song Dynasty ruled from 960 AD to 1279 AD (300 years) Capital was moved to Hangzhou Used merit system to improve government (tests were given to prove a person’s ability to do a job. Ability over wealth) Improved Agriculture a. developed a new strain of rice, better irrigation systems b. result was 2 crops could be grown a year (surplus)

5. Culture included art, music and poetry 6 Artists created paintings on silk and porcelain (p364, 368) 7. Used silk road trade routes 8. Developed printing press using movable type in 1045. More books became available and more people learned to read 9. Studied science and created inventions

II. Mongols Conquer China 1. Mongols were nomads from the plains of Central Asia 2. Fierce warriors 3. Excellent horse riding skills 4. Loyalty to tribe (traveled in tribes because of safety) 5. Tribes were united under Genghis Khan

B. Genghis Khan His Father was killed when he was a pre-teen Tribe moved on without his family ( mother and his siblings had to survive on their own) Developed a reputation as a warrior and leader(family survived with him as their leader) Mongols united together under his leadership for the purpose of creating a Mongol empire

C. Mongols in China 1209- Began the takeover of Northern China (wanted control because it had been a source of supplies ) 1215- Had control of Northern China-Southern China resisted 1227 –Genghis Khan died

D. Kublai Khan Genghis Khan’s grandson 1259- He came into power It took 20 years to gain control of the South He established Beijing as the capital and declared himself emperor He named the rule of China by the Mongols the Yuan Dynasty

E. China under Mongol Rule Centralized government-Mongols ruled on every level (foreigners ruled in China over Chinese-Marco Polo) Kept own language and customs rather than adopt Chinese Allowed many religions to be practiced Established 1st all paper money system Mail system Good roads-guards protected Silk Road Expanded Grand Canal He died in 1294 (born in 1215)

F. After Kublai Khan China did not prosper under the rule of later Khans. Mongols began to adopt ways of the people they conquered 2. 1368-Chinese peasant led a revolt to overthrow the Mongols 3 Once land was back in the hands of the Chinese, vowed never to let outsiders rule China. This is the start of Ming dynasty (lasted 276 years) 4. Would later rebuild Great Wall when Mongols would make one last attempt to regain power. Would cut off all sea trade