The Power of the Church.

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Presentation transcript:

The Power of the Church

Europe Word Bank Ukraine Belarus France Denmark Ireland Italy Turkey Estonia Germany Norway Switzerland Greece Netherlands Iceland UK Belgium Sweden Russia Latvia Lithuania Portugal Austria Slovakia Poland Czech Republic Finland Spain

Feudal Europe Weak central governments and powerful Church Result: Tensions between popes and emperors

Middle Ages AKA AGE OF FAITH

So, Who Does What??? Pope Gelasius I theory The Pope should bow to the emperor in political matters The emperor should bow to the pope in spiritual matters.

Structure of The Church Pope is supreme authority Clergy (religious officials) includes bishops and priests Bishops supervise priests, settle Church disputes Priests—main contact with people

Religion Unifies Feudalism and manor system created divisions, but Church bonds people Village church is place of worship and celebration Clergy administers sacraments (rites to achieve salvation)

Baptism—Another Sacrament

Superstitions Preparing a table with three knives Believing that a person could change into the shape of a wolf Believing that the croak of a raven or meeting a priest would bring a person good or bad luck

How to Live Canon law—Church law Governs marriages and religious practices Clergy, nobles, kings, and everyone else subject to canon law Courts to try people accused of violations

Pope Power!! Excommunication-banishment from Church, denial of salvation Interdict king’s subjects denied sacraments and services

The Church and the Holy Roman Empire Otto I Allies with the Church King of Germany in 936 Limits strength of nobles Gains support of clergy Invades Italy on pope’s behalf and pope crowns him emperor in 962 Holy Roman Empire

Voltaire’s Interesting Idea The 18th century French philosopher Voltaire once wrote that the Holy Roman Empire “is neither holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire.” What might Voltaire have meant by this? It was neither controlled by the pope nor ruled from Rome, and it wasn’t large or cohesive enough to be an empire.

Problems at the Top Lay Investiture—kings appointing Church officials (especially bishops) Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII 1075 Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture Henry IV (German emperor)-calls Gregory a false monk and orders him to resign

Problems at the Top Gregory VII excommunicates Henry German bishops and princes side with the pope Henry IV begs for forgiveness Pope Gregory VII forgives Henry in 1077, but lay investiture problem is not solved 1122 Concordat of Worms—pope chooses bishops, but the emperor can veto person selected

Hmmm… Why were the pope and the emperor willing to accept the terms of the Concordat or Worms? Each felt he had gained some power.

More Conflicts The Reign of Frederick I (“Barbarosa”) In 1152, elected king by 7 German princes First to officially call his empire the “Holy Roman Empire”

Frederick I Invades the rich cities of Italy which angers the Pope Frederick’s enemies (merchants and Pope) form an alliance called the Lombard League Frederick I is defeated because the League has crossbows. Empire collapses after Frederick’s death in 1190 (drowning)

German States Remain Separate German kings after Frederick try to revive empire German princes, who elect kings, prefer to keep them weak German rulers not as powerful as English and French kings.