ANIMALIA

I) Characteristics A) Multi-cellular organisms (eukaryotes) with specialized cells B) Heterotrophs 1) ingestion then digestion

C) Motile at 1 point in their life cycle 1) atleast during larval (juvenile) stage 2) may be sessile as adults (ex. sea anemone)

D)Sexual reproduction (very few asexual) 1) hermaphrodites 2) both sexes 3) zygote (fertilisation egg & sperm) a) external fertisation i) aquatic b) internal fertilisation i) embryo develops in female

E)Show some type of symmetry 1) spherical (ex. protists) 2) radial (ex E)Show some type of symmetry 1) spherical (ex. protists) 2) radial (ex. starfish) 3) bilateral (ex. humans) a) anterior, posterior, ventral, dorsal sides

spherical symmetry

radial symmetry

bilateral symmetry

Posterior (back) Ventral (underside) Dorsal (back) Lateral (sides) Anterior (front)

F) levels of organisation 1) cellstissuesorganssystems a) “work together” b) muscle tissue (cardiac), heart, circulatory system G) # of body layers 1) usually 3 a) endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm b) development when an embryo i) ex. skin, muscles, lungs

H) body cavities 1) fluid-filled body cavity called coelom a) body is round b) body cavity more solid, rigid c) muscles push against it d) complex organ systems can develop

I) segmentation 1) division of body into repetitive sections a) OK if one segment damaged 2) animal can move more easily a) segments move independantly

Animalia Invertebrates Vertebrates Sponges Cnidarians Worms Molluscs Echinoderms Arthropods Vertebrates Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals