Environmental Science Do Now 10-25-17 Directions: Take your Do Now sheet out and define the following terms.  Population Population density Density-dependent Natality Mortality Birth rate 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Environmental Science Do Now 10-25-17 Key Directions: Take your Do Now sheet out and define the following terms. Population: all the individuals of a species that live together in an area Population density: equals the number of individuals per unit area Density-dependent: factors that are dependent on the population Natality: birth rate Mortality: death rate Birth rate: the number of births in a given area 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Homework Complete page 2 of the “Population Distribution” POGIL (If you were here yesterday, you should have completed and turned in page 1.) 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Environmental Science Objective The student will demonstrate the ability to explain the growth of populations and factors, such as, infant mortality; by performing a close read and analyzing and plotting the two major types of population curves, j-shaped and s-shaped. Mastery Level: Each student can graph, label and interpret a j-shaped and an s-shaped population curve. 50 points of annotation comments on a close read article (Infant Mortality) 4/6 or better on TDQs based on the infant mortality article. 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Engage Students will watch a YouTube video called “Infant Mortality in the United States is Surprisingly High”   Guide Question: What factors play a role in America’s infant mortality rate? Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ToJbhLEbdM 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Explore Students will perform a close read on the article titled “Population Growth Patterns”. As the students read the article, they will annotate it using the symbols posted in the classroom. Students will also write textual comments in the margins of the article. Each annotation symbol is worth 2.5 points and each textual comment is worth 5 points. The goal is for each student to earn 50 points worth of annotations. Students will answer 5 text-dependent questions that are based on the article.   Source: https://www.ck12.org/biology/population-growth-patterns/lesson/Population-Growth-Patterns-BIO/ 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Vocabulary Words – Populations Population growth curve Logistic Growth Curve Exponential Growth Curve Sigmoid Population (S-curve)[logistic growth curve] J-shaped Population curve [exponential growth] Carrying Capacity Lag phase Exponential growth phase Stationary phase/Plateau phase Death phase Overshoot Birth rate Resources Transitional phase Limiting factors 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Unit IV: POPULATIONS Mr. Richards October 24, 2017 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Population: all the individuals of a species that live together in an area Demography: the statistical study of populations, make predictions about how a population will change 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Three Key Characteristics of Populations Size, number of individuals (N) Density (N/ area) Dispersion, Random, uniform, clumped, (appropriate scale) 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Three Key Characteristics of Populations 1. Size: number of individuals in an area Characterized by (N) Growth Rate: Birth Rate (natality) - Death Rate (mortality) (How many individuals are born vs. how many die) 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Three Key Characteristics of Populations 2. Density: measurement of population per unit area or unit volume Pop. Density = # of individuals ÷ unit of space 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

4 Factors that affect density 1. Immigration- movement of individuals into a population 2. Emigration- movement of individuals out of a population 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

4 Factors that affect density 3. Density-dependent factors- Biotic factors in the environment that have an increasing effect as population size increases   Ex. disease competition parasites 4. Density-independent factors- Abiotic factors in the environment that affect populations regardless of their density   Ex. temperature storms habitat destruction drought 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Density-Dependent Factors Density-dependent factors operate only when the population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Density-Independent Factors Density-independent factors affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size. 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Three Key Characteristics of Populations Dispersion: describes their spacing relative to each other 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Dynamic characteristics of populations Age distribution, proportions of young, middle-aged, old Differs in growing, stable, decreasing populations 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Factors That Affect Future Population Growth Immigration + + - Population Mortality Natality - Emigration 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Changes in populations Growth Expansion of species’ populations may lead to evolution of new species Decline Shrinking species’ populations may lead to extinction Small populations Narrowly specialized species 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Changes in populations ΔN = +B +I –D –E +B = births (birth rate) +I = immigrants (immigration rate) – D = deaths (death rate) – E = emigrants (emigration rate) (For many [most] natural populations I and E are minimal.) 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Other factors that affect population growth Limiting factor- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment. EX.- Amount of water Amount of food Temperature 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Other factors that affect population growth Carrying Capacity- the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources There can only be as many organisms as the environmental resources can support 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

J-shaped curve (exponential growth) Carrying Capacity Nu m b e r Population will exceed the carrying capacity and become unstable. J-shaped curve (exponential growth) Carrying Capacity (k) S-shaped curve (logistic growth) Ok so Population stabilizes as the it gets closer to its carrying capacity. Time or Year 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Exponential Growth Phase Plateau Phase Transitional Phase Exponential Growth Phase Lag Phase 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Logistic model Logistic model works, to a point. Real organisms have time lags for growth, time to develop eggs, flowers, etc. seasonality, longevity Real populations may exceed carrying capacity. Easter Island Pribloff Reindeer Kaibab Deer 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Easter Island Discovered by Polynesians ~ A.D. 1000 Population grew to several thousand Used trees for canoes to hunt dolphins Used wood for cooking Also ate birds, eggs, vegetables Resources (trees) depleted No canoes, no dolphins Warfare over land, food resources Population fell to ~ 100 when discovered by Dutch, Easter Sunday 1722. 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

2 Life History Patterns 1. “R” Strategists short life span small body size reproduce quickly have many young little parental care Ex: cockroaches, weeds, bacteria

2 Life History Patterns 2. “K” Strategists long life span large body size reproduce slowly have few young provides parental care Ex: humans, elephants

Two general types of Life History Strategies Life History trait r-adapted, Opportunistic K-adapted, Equilibrium Offspring Many, small (high r) Fewer, large (low r) Offspring survival Low High Parental care Rare Common Reproductive age Early Later Reprod. “seasons” 1-few Many Habitat Unstable, temporary Stable, permanent Competitiveness Population regulation Density independent Density dependent Population fluctuation Irruptive Stable near K

Life History Strategies Survivorship curves of Opportunistic and Equilibrium species Opportunistic have Type III Equilibrium have Type I 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Life History Strategies Fluctuating populations of two interacting populations Based on pelts sold by Canadian trappers to the Hudson Bay Company, ~1840-1940. 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt

Extend/Evaluate Population Growth Activity Part A. Human Population Growth and analysis questions 1-9. Graph the data Answer the analysis questions 1-9 that follow. 11/7/2018 Populations.ppt