APD, Introduction Victor Rykalin 11/7/2018 APD, Introduction Victor Rykalin Victor Rykalin
Content APD Electronics Power supply Box Final table Recommendations 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
APD and PMT advantages disadvantages Compact Insensitive to magnetic field Higher QE over wider spectral range faster, shorter transit time cheaper simpler gain calibration Smaller sensitive area still noisier than PMT need smart preamplifier larger temperature dependence optical coupling nontrivial !!! 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
APD (Classics) 100um .5 MRS, Si PM 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Vendors 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
General S/N(150) ~ 1.5 real Gain 1.1 - 10E(6) QE 12% - 85 % (500 nm) 11/7/2018 General Gain 1.1 - 10E(6) QE 12% - 85 % (500 nm) Gain Temperature Coefficient (-15°to +40°) -1.5%/°C Bulk current TC ( ------------ ) 9.6 %/C Noise SQRT(I bulk) Signal/Noise S/N= {(N2sig * G2 )/(Noise)2} (Noise=Noise(T,C,G,time,F) Noise2=Noise2(electronics)+Noise(bulk)2 MIP, QE=80%, Nsig= 40 PE, G=150, =100 ns, T=25 C Ib = 1nA Noise(electronics)=2000e rms, S/N(150) ~ 2.7 est. S/N(150) ~ 1.5 real 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin Victor Rykalin
HAMAMATSU Gain 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Hamamatsu ~500 80 % 500 nm 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
RMD 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
RMD 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
MRS or Si PM (there is no commercial information) Gain 106 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
MRS or Si PMT and VLPC 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Electronics CMS(HCAL) = 0.4mV/fq 60 channels, 150 ns (base), ENC(20pF)~1000e rms 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Electronics QP02 k = 7mV/fq 32 channels, 40 ns (base), ENC(20 pF)=2000 rms 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Circuit suggestions for APD 1 Preamp. - HV Ground 2 +HV Preamp. 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Power supplies Ripple (5 mV and less) dIk=dU/R dIk=5 mV/5 k dIk=1uA dIb(signal)=50*0.8*500*q/10ns=>dIk(signal)= =320nA*B=32uA, 1/32*100 = 3% J4-2p, J4-2n ------ HV, S7001 low voltage seems to be an appropriate approach. 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
HV power supply J4-2P and J4-2N from Matsusada Precision Inc. 2P – positive 2000V, 2N – negative 2kV. Ripple of 2mV. 2mA output current. Voltage regulated by multi-turn built-in potentiometer or remotely. Recommended for APD. Non-standard size. Current price as of 3/26/2003 is $252.00 (on picture it’s the left unit) 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Low voltage power supply S7-001 Herbach&Rademan power supply (www.herbach.com) 0 - ±30V (positive and negative simultaneously, 0.5mV ripple RMS. Current limit 5A. Regulated. Dual Panel meters. Current price is $238.95 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Box Low-cost – about $35 per each element or less Allows good temperature control, as precise as 0.1 degree at around 20oC, Performance and precision somewhat degrade at negative temperatures because the element will require a large current ( 5A) in that range, which is not easy to control. #13 This is an “artistic” representation of the box that will have APD inside and the box with pre-amplifier (which is not being cooled as of current scheme but the ability to do this has been integrated into this particular design). 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Final table * B. Dolgoshein An Advanced Study of Silicon PM ICFA IB 2002 **A. Bross et all. Fermilab FN 0733 2003 *** Rykalin V. NICADD presentation http://nicadd.niu.edu 2002 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin
Recommendations HAMAMATSU QP02 S/N ~ 3 RMD QP02 S/N ~ 10 MRS or Si PM CMS(HCAL)S/N ~ 6 J4-2P,2N High voltage,S7-001 low voltage Box with Peltier pads cooling Circuit 2 is our choice 11/7/2018 Victor Rykalin