DNA: The Molecule of Life

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Presentation transcript:

DNA: The Molecule of Life

Where is DNA located? Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell in the nucleus long strands called chromatin Prokaryotic cell in the cytoplasm circular rings called plasmids

DNA has 2 primary functions: Protein synthesis Passing on the genetic code

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid ALL living things contain DNA!!! DNA is specific to each and every organism!! Made up of individual units called nucleotides (monomer of nucleic acids)

Nucleotide 3 part monomer: Phosphate group 5 carbon sugar molecule (deoxyribose) Nitrogenous base

Nitrogenous Bases There are 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA: adenine > pairs with thymine thymine > pairs with adenine guanine > pairs with cytosine cytosine > pairs with guanine

Nitrogenous Bases There are two major groups of nitrogenous bases: Purines double ringed compounds adenine & guanine Pyrimidines single ringed compounds thymine & cytosine

DNA Structure DNA is composed of 2 complementary strands DNA resembles a spiral staircase Shape is known as a double helix The “backbone” is made of the 5 carbon sugar and phosphate molecules The “rungs of the ladder” are the nitrogen bases