PLANS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR J. Davila, B. Thompson, N. Gopalswamy NASA-GSFC October 14, 2004

IHY ( Why IHY? The Historical Perspective First International Polar Year –January 1875 at the Academy of Sciences in Vienna Carl Weyprecht suggested a coordinated study of the north polar region –Polar meteorological and magnetic observations commenced on Aug 1, 1882 and concluded Sep 1, 1883 Second International Polar Year –Scientific activities were significantly limited by the world-wide economic depression –Polar meteorological and magnetic observations to be made in , fifty years after the first IPY The logical next step is to extend global studies into the Heliosphere to incorporate the drivers of Geophysical change into the global system-The IHY. International Geophysical Year –In 1957 the IGY involved about 60,000 scientists from 66 nations –To obtain simultaneous, global observations on Earth and in space

IHY ( Evolution of System Studies TIME Size Scale Studied IPY-1 IPY-2 IGY IHY

IHY ( Advances During Previous International Years IPY 1 –Auroral oval structure and dynamics –Currents flowing in the upper atmosphere produce magnetic perturbations on the ground –Currents flow between upper atmosphere and space IPY 2 –International polar observing network –New instrumentation (radiosondes and ionosondes) –Rapid run magnetometers –Simultaneous measurements at multiple stations –Global current pattern for specific magnetic disturbance (magnetic bays) IGY –Interhemispheric network of polar stations –New instrumentation (all-sky cameras, satellites) –Major discovery (radiation belts) –New concepts (the magnetosphere, substorms) –Exploration of space –Global 3D synoptic data –Evidence of time-dependent global dynamics Lapland, 1882

IHY ( IHY Scientific Goals Provide benchmark measurements of the response of the magnetosphere, the ionosphere, the lower atmosphere and Earth surface to identify global processes and drivers which affect the terrestrial environment and climate Global study of the Sun-heliosphere system outward to the heliopause to understand the external, and historic drivers of geophysical change Foster international scientific cooperation in the study of Heliophysical phenomena now and in the future To communicate the unique scientific results of the IHY to the interested scientific community and to the general public

IHY ( Why Now? A large armada of existing or planned spacecraft are in place to provide the most comprehensive global measurements of the sun- earth interplanetary system yet obtained Earth based observatories can provide measurements of terrestrial effects at the poles and elsewhere International collaboration is easier today than in previous international years with abundant and cheap electronic communication available No single country has sufficient resources to obtain all required observations The time is ripe for IHY global studies. STEREO ACE SOHO

IHY ( What is the Opportunity? Similar physical processes are evident in vastly different environments True-color image of Earths aurora taken from Space Shuttle Jupiters aurora imaged with HST Aurora at Saturns poles Cross-cutting solar system science

IHY ( Cross-Cutting IHY Approach Observa- tional campaigns are organized for various phenomena Scientific results organized by physical process

IHY ( General Benefits of the IHY The IHY will help us develop a deeper understanding of physical processes through a program of comparative study throughout the solar system. The IHY will further the study of energetic events in the solar system, paving the way for safe travel to the Moon and planets in the future. The IHY 2007 will serve to inspire the next generation of space physicists, as the IGY 1957 inspired us. The IHY will help maintain US leadership in space science.

IHY ( Benefits to NASA Provides a community consensus structure to unite Earth and Space Science into the new field of helioPHYSICS. A good fit to the new Exploration Initiative organizational structure Broadens the use of space data by making data available, and involving new science groups while leveraging data analysis funds Provides National and World-Wide public visibility for NASA programs at all levels Pathfinder for ILWS science program, with high- priority concensus science objectives identified by International Teams

IHY ( Planning Process International Planning Meeting J. Davila (US), R. Jain (IN), I. Veselovsky (Rus) July 2005 Toulouse, France International Science Plan Presented to International Planning Committee Russia, Ukraine V. Obridko Asia Pacific T. Kosugi, I. Cairns, China Guangli Huang August 2004 United Kingdom R. Harrison Nov 2003 United States J. Davila, N. Crooker April 2004 Spring 2005 India R. Jain, A. Bhattacharya July 2004 Europe J.-L. Bougeret, B. Schmieder, R. Wimmer, R. von Steiger Meeting Planned Meeting Complete Latin America M. Machado, C. Mandrini, P. Kaufmann United Nations H. Haubold October 2004 May 2005 Africa B. Raibu Moraal, S. Yousef

IHY ( US Planning Workshop Sac Peak, NM April, 2004 Objective – Begin to organize the scientific program for the IHY in the US science community Scientific organizers -- Nancy Crooker, and Dan Baker (Co-Chairs), Charles Jackman, Chuck Smith, Eberhard Mobius, and David Webb. K.S. Balasubramaniam and Alexi Pevtsov were Local Organizers. Four Working Groups Formed – –Climate and Earth Atmosphere (WG Leaders: Mark Baldwin and Rolando Garcia) –Magnetospheres and Ionospheres (WG Leaders: Howard Singer and Jan Soika) –Heliosphere and Solar Wind (WG Leaders: Justin Kasper and Eberhard Mobius) –Solar Drivers (WG Leaders: Terry Forbes and Sarah Gibson). Workshop talks and working group summaries are available at website IHY U.S. Community Science Workshop being planned in early 2005 in Boulder CO, International workshop will be held in July 2005 in Toulouse, France

IHY ( Recent Progress Developed a schedule of activities and are making progress towards finalizing research plans for 2007 The International Steering Committee has been established Coordination with the UNBSS program continues. We will focus on partnerships with developing nations to establish distributed instrument networks, and we are exploring how to do it with help from UNBSS. Planning workshop in October at GSFC to discuss coordination. A larger meeting with UNBSS is scheduled for November in UAE Science Coordination Database has been established and is being populated, Campaign Coordination Database in development IHY events and activities at scores of international meetings and symposia IGY Historical activities underway in partnership with the AGU History Committee, eGY and the AIPs Center for History of Physics

IHY ( The IHY Science Coordination Database Over 100 instruments already entered into database

IHY ( IHY Planning Schedule 2004: Regional coordination meetings, campaigns begin to be defined, synergy/coordination discussions with professional organizations 2005: Synthesis from regional to international, merging of science working groups and campaigns, "backfilling" missing initiatives 2006: Prototyping year, preliminary work, review and finalize campaign proposals, proposals to national funding agencies 2007: IHY campaigns, establish data bases and tools 2008: workshops, publications, archives

IHY ( Schedule of Activities

IHY (

IHY ( Preliminary Budget

Reference Slides

IHY ( The IHY Campaign Database The IHY Campaign site contains all of the logistics for IHY campaign planning. Searchable fields will include: The Science Working Group Objectives, leaders and participants Approved and Proposed campaigns Participating Observatories and Observatory Representatives Campaign observing targets Modelers Campaign Number Science Objective IHY participants interested in the Campaign's scientific topic Scientific Publications Relevant to the Campaign's scientific topic Start Date, End Date Participating Observatory(s) A searchable IHY Campaign calendar A searchable IHY Science Planning Database A searchable IHY Campaign Database

IHY ( IHY International Steering Committee -Help to stimulate, find support for, and coordinate with National IHY Initiatives in other countries - Help to plan international workshops and meetings - Work on "integration and synthesizing" in Joe Davila, Nat Gopalswamy, Dick Fisher, J.-L. Bougeret, Richard Harrison, Madhavan Nair, Barbara Thompson, Takeo Kosugi, Vladimir Obridko, Archana Bhattacharya, Marcos Machado, Don Melrose, Oddbjorn Engvold, Hermann Opgenoorth, Jingxiu Wang, Roger Bonnet, Richard Marsden, Harm Moraal, Shahinaz Yousef, Chris Rapley, Charlie Barton, Hans Haubold, Greg Ginet, Rainer Schwenn, Wing Ip, Eric Priest, Roger Smith, George Siscoe, Iver Cairns, Pierre Rochus, Mike Mendillo, Tim Killeen, Paulett Liewer, Dave McComas, Neil Murphy, Joann Joselyn, R. Srinivasan, Jack Gosling IHY has Six International Regions: Latin America, Asia/Pacific, FSU, Europe, Africa, US/Canada. Leadership teams have been or are being established for each region. Note: All members are not confirmed

IHY ( IHY International Planning Coordinators - Heinzl: Czech Republic - Michalek: Poland - Arnold Benz: Switzerland - Rob Wimmer-Schweinbruger: Germany - Dalmiro Maia: Portugal - Javier Rodriguez-Pacheko: Spain - Ester Antonucci: Italy - Brigitte Schmeider: France - Andy Breen: UK - Peter Gallagher: Ireland - Pierre Kauffman: Brazil - Bill Liu: Canada - Guangli Huang: China - Rajmal Jain, Narain Rao: India - Lu Lee: Taiwan - Kojima, Kamide, Fuji, Terasawa: Japan - Stefan Poedts: Belgium - Ismail Sabbah: Kuwait - Bo Andersen: Norway - Cristina Mandrini, Marta Rovira: Argentina - Xochitl Blanco-Cano (Mexico) - E Turunen, Usoskin, Pulkinnen: Finland - Rajmal Jain: India - Karel Kudela: Slovakia - Bindschadler: Antarctica - Obridko, Veselovsky: Russia - Harm Moraal: South Africa - Hady: Egypt - Babatunde Rabiu: Nigeria - Dong-Hun Lee, S.Y. Yun : S. Korea - Chilingairayan: Azerbaijan - Axel Brandenburg, Eigil Friis-Christensen: Denmark - Sixto Gonzalez: Puerto Rico - Rusdijak: Croatia - Walter Gonzalez: Brazil - Xenophon Moussas: Greece - Gedalin: Israel