Smart Grid Wyatt Kroemer

What is a Smart Grid? “A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficient resources.” - Wikipedia

First Official Definition: EISA-2007 Increased digital information and controls Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources Deployment and Integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) Development of Demand Response and energy efficiency resources Deployment of “smart” tech (real-time, automated, interactive) Integration of “smart” appliances and consumer devices Deployment of advanced electricity storage, peak-shaving, electric vehicles Provision to consumers time information and controls options Development of standards for communication and interoperability of grid Lowering unnecessary barriers to adoption of “smart grid” tech. and services

Importance of a Smart Grid Makes a clean energy future possible

Core Elements of a Smart Grid Digital processing Communications Enable Information management

Benefits of a Smart Grid Reliability Flexibility Efficiency Sustainability Market-Enabling

Most Prevalent Applications of a Smart Grid Demand Response (and peak shaving) Precise forecasting Real-time load balancing Microgrids Virtual Power Plants Real-time and Market-based pricing

Smart Grid Technologies SCADA “Smart” meters Phasor measurement units (PMUs) Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) Smart thermostats (virtual DERs)

Microgrids

Smart Grid Research Programs GridWise GridWise Architecture Council (GWAC) IntelliGrid Grid 2030 Modern Grid Initiative (MGI) GridWorks Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project

Smart Grid State Programs

NY REV (Reforming the Energy Vision) Goals Make energy affordable for all New Yorkers Empower New Yorkers to make more informed energy choices Improve New York’s existing energy infrastructure Create new jobs and business opportunities Support the growth of clean energy innovation Build a more resilient energy system Protect New York’s natural resources By 2030: 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels By 2030: 50% of New York’s electricity generated by renewable sources By 2030: 23% reduction in energy consumption of buildings (from 2012 levels)

Problems: Aimless Future No precise definite vision Few concrete plans exist Plans are disjoint Plans are haphazardly incentivized and implemented

Problems: No Action Little urgency (changing rapidly) Little & inappropriate incentives Rate structures and tariffs are inefficient and inaccurate Few & disjoint standards Too much ambiguity

How do we make this into a reality? Question How do we make this into a reality?

References US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability https://energy.gov/oe/services/technology-development/smart-grid Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW- 110publ140/html/PLAW-110publ140.htm SmartGrid.gov https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/operation_centers.html United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. https://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/12-08-demand-response.pdf Distribution Resources Plan (R.14-08-013). http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=5071 New York Reforming the Energy Vision. https://rev.ny.gov/about/