George H. W. Bush & The 1990s U.S. History Mr. Mize

G.H.W.Bush George Herbert Walker Bush Born in Massachusetts Served in WWII as Navy Pilot Attended Yale after military Was Yale Baseball team captain Began Oil Company Bush- Overby Oil Development company in 1951 Co-founded the Zapata Petroleum Corporation Millionaire by 1960s

Bush as VP & President Served as House Representative for Texas 1964-1970 CIA director 1976-1977 Vice President To Reagan (1981-1988) President (1989-1993) Republican

Fall of the Soviet Empire By late 1980s the Soviet Union had a massive economic crisis. Economy was disintegrating U.S. was surprised by its downfall.

Soviet Union = Russia Boris Yeltsin elected as first president Dismantled USSR Replaced with 11 republics

Persian Gulf

Anfal Saddam Hussein admits using nerve gas against the Iranians, but denied using them against Kurds. His cousin, Ali Hassan Al-Majid was in charge of ground offensives, aerial bombing, systematic destruction of settlements, mass deportation, firing squads, and chemical warfare This earned al-Majid the nickname of "Chemical Ali". Executed January 25, 2010 Executed by Hanging

Persian Gulf War Why? Iraq had owned Kuwait before it broke off in 1961. Claimed Kuwait was stealing Iraqi oil through “Slant drilling.” Iraq owed Kuwait money from the Iran- Iraq War. Hussein thought no one would stop him

Why USA Got Involved? Kuwait long time ally of USA Afraid Hussein would invade Saudi Arabia, another US ally. USA began Operation Desert Storm Lasted 6 weeks

Persian Gulf War (the 1st one!) What happened?? US invades with full UN backing US bombs Iraqi military & civilian infrastructure We make no attempt to hold Iraqi towns or capture Saddam Hussein Goal: To push Saddam back into Iraq Destroyed Vehicles Along Kuwaiti Highway Destroyed cars and trucks line Kuwait's "Highway of Death" during the Persian Gulf War. The name was given to the stretch of road leading north out of Kuwait City which, while clogged with retreating Iraqi forces, was furiously bombed by coalition forces, killing most on it. Image: © Peter Turnley/CORBIS

Persian Gulf War Pictures Kuwait Oil Well Fires from Space View from the space shuttle Atlantis of black smoke billowing from burning oil wells in Kuwait, which were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi troops. Persian Gulf War. Image: Digital image © 1996 CORBIS; Original image courtesy of NASA/CORBIS

Persian Gulf War Results: Peace Terms: UN Embargo & Oil for Food Program Peace Terms: Iraq accepts border with Kuwait Surrenders all WMDs Destroys all WMD production centers Iraq can sell oil in exchange for food & medicine

Persian Gulf War cont. The UN also established “No Fly Zones” to protect northern Iraqi Kurds and Shiite Muslims in the south. Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. The policy was enforced by the US, UK and French aircraft patrols until France withdrew in 1998.