Symbolic messages from repressed areas of our minds. 3) Psychoanalytic View. Symbolic messages from repressed areas of our minds. Dream Interpretation Psychoanalytic symbols. Manifest content vs. latent content sleep/hypnosis

Module 9 Hypnosis When you're under hypnosis: increase in absorption. focused attention. disattention to extraneous stimuli. reduction in spontaneous thought. sleep/hypnosis

Social-Influence Theory of Hypnosis Theory that powerful social influences produce a state of hypnosis. Physiological state does not change under hypnosis. Is Hypnosis just a placebo effect? Eich (1989) when subjects led to believe they were hypnotized when they were not they acted then same as when hypnotized. sleep/hypnosis

Divided Consciousness View Dissociation – a split between different levels of consciousness (i.e., blocking neural input from conscious awareness). sleep/hypnosis

Stroop Effect sleep/hypnosis

Raz (2005) selected highly hypnotizable subjects and a control group of 'resistant' subjects. They were given the post hypnotic suggestion that when they entered a brain scanner (fMRI) and heard his voice some days later, the words they saw before them would appear as nonsense and they were only to report on the colors of the words. sleep/hypnosis

Resistant showed Stroop, hypnotized did not Resistant showed Stroop, hypnotized did not. Hypnotized reported that the words did indeed appear to be gibberish. sleep/hypnosis

Comparing brain scans, Raz found that in the first group, the area of the brain responsible for decoding written words was suppressed as was the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex one of whose functions is conflict resolution. This did not occur in the “resistant” group. sleep/hypnosis

Pain Relief - Two components Physical (parietal) response –no change Hypnotic Pain Relief Pain Relief - Two components Physical (parietal) response –no change Emotional (frontal) response –decreased sleep/hypnosis