An Introduction to Hypnosis

Get ready for the short quiz over the reading Get ready for the short quiz over the reading! Get out a scratch sheet of paper and number it 1-6!

1. What was the name of Sigmund Freud’s book over his theory on dream analysis? A. Analysis of Dreams B. Why do we Dream? C. Interpretation of Dreams D. How do we Understand Dreams?

2. Freud’s theory on dream analysis relies heavily on ___________. A. Symbolism B. Archetypes C. Emotions D. Interpretation

3. According to Freud, ___________ content is the underlying cause of the dream. A. Manifest B. Residue C. Latent D. Archetype

4. The __________ archetype is usually a version of your older or younger identity you see in dreams according to Carl Jung. A. self B. Persona C. Shadow D. Villain

5. Jung believed that the unconscious is comprised of two parts: one belongs solely to the person, the individual, while the other is ______________ - it belongs to all of humanity and contains universal symbols. A. Communal B. Cooperative C. Collective

6. The process of evaluating dreams to understanding their meaning is called Dream _______________. A. Interpretation B. Reading C. Evaluation D. Analysis

A. Defining Hypnosis Hypnosis is when a subject is guided by a hypnotist to respond to suggestions for changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

B. Two Components of a Hypnotic Procedure Hypnotic procedure consists of two phases or components: Hypnotic Induction Hypnotic Suggestions

What is a Hypnotic Induction ? An introduction to hypnosis in which the subject is guided through suggestion to relax, concentrate, and/or to focus his or her attention on some particular thing.

What is a Hypnotic Suggestion ? The subject is guided to undergo changes in experience. Types of Hypnotic Suggestions: Ideomotor Suggestions – experience a motor movement. Challenge Suggestions – subject is told he or she will not be able to do some particular thing and then is asked to perform the prohibited behavior. Cognitive Suggestions – experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or feelings.

II. Common Myths about Hypnosis People in hypnosis lose control and can be made to say or do whatever the hypnotist wants. People may not be able to come out of hypnosis. Hypnosis only affects weak-willed or gullible people.

III. Important Theories of Hypnotic Responding Psychoanalytic Approach Neodissociation Approach Socio-Cognitive Approach Transpersonal Approach

A. Psychoanalytic Approach: Freud’s Model of Hypnosis Freud utilized hypnosis to help remove psychosomatic symptoms from patients who suffered from disorders. These patients suffered from medical complaints like seizures.

B. The Neodissociation Approach Developed by Ernest Hilgard. Under hypnosis, part of the mind enters an altered state of consciousness. A second part of the mind, designated as the “Hidden Observer”, remains aware of what is going on during a hypnotic session.

C. The Sociocognitive Approach Contends that the principles of social psychology explain behavior during hypnosis. Example: Role Theory – people naturally adopt the role behaviors of a hypnotized person.

D. A Transpersonal Approach Many of humanity’s earliest views of hypnotic phenomena are described by various religious and spiritual traditions in the world. Exorcism and Demonology Important diversity issue since many people around the world hold these beliefs.

IV. Two Key Theoretical Controversies in Hypnosis The State Controversy The Trait Controversy

A. The State Controversy Do people enter an altered state of consciousness during hypnosis ? The essence of the dispute between the Neodissociation and Sociocognitive approaches. This remains a hotly debated issue.

B. The Trait Controversy Is there a trait that accounts for how much or how little people respond to hypnosis ? evidence strongly suggests there is a trait that explains how much people respond to hypnosis.

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