Chapter 12: The Excretory System Waggy Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 12: The Excretory System Waggy

Key Concepts

The Kidney

The principal function of the kidney is to 1) urea 2) uric acid 3) creatinine

The kidneys are more than excretory organs: That is why a doctor can tell so much from a urine sample.

Parts of the Excretory System Kidneys: Ureters: Urinary bladder: Urethra:

Structure of the Kidney Each kidney is composed of three sections: 1. Renal cortex: 2. Renal medulla: 3. Renal pelvis:

Renal Pelvis Renal Artery Renal Medulla Renal Vein Ureter Renal Cortex

How blood is Filtered Nephrons:

Parts of the Nephron Each nephron consists of the following parts: 1) glomerulus: 2) Bowman’s capsule: 3) proximal tubule: 4) loop of Henle: 5) distal tubule: 6) collecting duct:

1 2 3 5 6 4

Trace the pathway of blood filtration: Blood pressure forces some blood plasma and small particles into the surrounding capsule —this is called the nephric filtrate

The filtrate moves to the distal tubule where tubular secretion occurs When the filtrate reaches the end of the proximal tubule it is isotonic with the surrounding cells The filtrate moves to the distal tubule where tubular secretion occurs Secretion:

Characteristics of Urine Physical characteristics: Chemical characteristics: Microscopic exam

1. Physical Characteristics: Color: Abnormal Urine colors: Colorless - Orange - Green - Red/Brown - Black -

Turbidity: Odor:

Chemical Characteristics pH: Glucose: Bilirubin: Ketone:

Microscopic Exam

Disorders of the Excretory System Normal urine production: Anuria: Oliguria: Polyuria: Nocturia:

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) Symptoms

Kidney Infections NOTE: If left untreated, all UTI’s can lead to permanent kidney damage and possible kidney failure.

Kidney Stones Factors

The End